Linear Data StructuresA Linear data structure have data elements arranged in sequential manner and each member element is connected to its previous and next element. This connection helps to traverse a linear data structure in a single level and in single run. Such data structures are easy to implement as computer memory is also sequential. Examples of linear data structures are List, Queue, Stack, Array etc.Non-linear Data StructuresA non-linear data structure has no set sequence of connecting all its elements and each element can have multiple paths to connect to other elements. Such data structures supports multi-level storage and often ... Read More

In database management systems (DBMS), there are two terms namely mirroring and replication which are related to copying of data. Mirroring is defined as the process of copying a database to another location, while replication is defined as the process of copying the database objects from one database to another. Read this article to learn more about mirroring and replication and how they are different from each other. What is Mirroring? Mirroring refers to keeping a backup database server for a master database server. If for some reason, the master database is down, then the mirror database can be used ... Read More

Anybody dealing with databases must comprehend the distinction between DDL and DML commands because it has an impact on how data is saved, accessed, and modified. A collection of commands called DDL are used to specify a database's structure. Database objects including tables, views, indexes, and constraints can be created, modified, and deleted using these commands. DDL statements specify how the data is arranged and accessed rather than altering the data that is stored in the database. DML, on the other hand, is a set of instructions used to work with the data that is kept in the ... Read More

RDBMSRDBMS stands for Relational Database Management System. It stores data in form of entity as tables. It provides multiple layers on information security. Each table may or may not have a primary key which identifies a record uniquely in a table and a foreign key which indentifies the relationship between two tables. RDBMS uses SQL language to query databases. Examples of popular RDBMS are oracle, sql server, mysql etc.MongoDBMongoDB is a NoSQL database. It is open source. It is a document oriented database and it uses BSON which is binary version of JSON. BSON is a document storage format. MongoDB ... Read More

SQLSQL, Structured Query Language is a non-procedural language and is used by database engines to interpret SQL queries to create/modify/access the database elements.T-SQLT-SQL, Transact-SQL, is a procedural extension to SQL, used by SQL Server. It is similar to PL/SQL of Oracle.Following are the important difference between SQL and T-SQL.Sr. No.KeySQLT-SQL1TypeSQL is non-procedural by nature.T-SQL is procedural by natue.2MethodsSQL provides data manipulation and controlling functions.With T-SQL, we can write own procedures, functions with local variables.3ProprietarySQL is open to use and is common across RDBMS softwares.T-SQL is specific to SQL Server and is proprietary.4Query orderMultiple querires are submitted one by one.Using T-SQL, ... Read More

Fuzzification is the process of converting a crisp quantity into a fuzzy quantity. On the other hand, defuzzification is the process of translating a fuzzy quantity into a crisp quantity. Read this article to learn more about fuzzification and defuzzification and how they are different from each other. What is Fuzzification? Fuzzification may be defined as the process of transforming a crisp set to a fuzzy set or a fuzzy set to fuzzier set. Basically, this operation translates accurate crisp input values into linguistic variables. In a number of engineering applications, it is necessary to defuzzify the result or rather "fuzzy ... Read More

SQL, Structural Query Language is a standard database language which is used create, maintain and retrieve the relational database whereas PL/SQL, Procedural Language extension to SQL, it extends SQL and provide it procedural capabilities.Following are the important differences between SQL and PL/SQL.Sr. No.KeySQLPL/SQL1DefinitionSQL, is Structural Query Language for database.PL/SQL is a programming language using SQL for a database.2VariablesSQL has no variables.PL/SQL has variables, data types etc.3Control StructuresSQL has no FOR loop, if control and similar structures.PL/SQL has FOR loop, while loop, if controls and other similar structures.4OperationsSQL can execute a single operation at a time.PL/SQL can perform multiple operation at ... Read More

Both Oracle and SQL Server, both are relational database management systems or RDBMS.Following are the important differences between Oracle and SQL Server.Sr. No.KeyOracleSQL Server1Developed ByOracle Server is owned by Oracle.SQL Server is developed by Microsoft.2Procedural LanguageOracle uses PL/SQL.SQL Server uses T-SQL.3UsageOracle is complex to use.SQL Server is simple to use.4OS SupportWindows, Linux, Solaris, HP-UX and OS X.Windows and Linux.5Database SharingUsers can share databases.Users cannot share databases.6PackageOracle supports Packages.SQL Server has no concept of packages.7PowerfulOracle is more powerful than SQL Server.SQL is way less powerful than Oracle.Read More

MySQL is a relational database. MongoDB is NoSQL Database.Following are the important differences between MySQL and MongoDB.Sr. No.KeyMySQLMongoDB1Owned/Developed ByMySQL is owned by Oracle.MongoDB is developed by MongoDB Inc.2Data StorageMySql stores data in tabular format as records in table.MongoDB stores records as documents.3LanguageSQL, Structured Query Language is used to query database.Dynamic Schema. Predefined structure is defined for incoming data.4Design ObjectivesNo efficient replication and Sharding available.High availability, Scalability, Replication and Sharding are inbuilt.5TermsMongoDB uses Collection, Document, Field, Embedded Document, Linking etc.MySQL uses Table, Row, Column, Joins etc.6Data StorageMySQL stores data in forms of records in table.MongoDB stores data in form of JSON ... Read More

Both Super Key and Candidate key are used to uniquely identify a record in a table. These keys are also used to create relationship between tables. Both keys can have null values. Both concepts are important for database design and management. Read this article to find out more about super key and candidate key and how they are different from each other. What is a Super Key? In relational databases, a single attribute (or a set of attributes) that are used to uniquely identify all attributes in a relation is referred to as a super key. For example, a ... Read More