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C++ Articles
Page 318 of 597
Stack Unwinding in C++
When we call some functions, the call stack stores the address, and after returning, it pops the address to resume work. What is Stack Unwinding Stack unwinding refers to the process of removing function call frames from the function call stack during runtime, wherein local objects are destroyed in the reverse order of their construction. Why Stack Unwinding Occurs? Stack unwinding occurs when an exception occurs in a function and is not handled immediately in that function. The program control goes back through each function step by step, cleaning up any temporary resources used by each function. How Unwinding Works? ...
Read MoreWhat happen if we concatenate two string literals in C++?
In this article, we will explore what happens when we concatenate two string literals in C++. There are two important points to remember when concatenating strings in C++. Concatenation is another property of the string and string literals: let's see the following two properties below: If x + y is the expression of string concatenation, where x and y are both strings. Then the result of this expression will be a copy of the characters of string x followed by the characters of string y. Either x or y can be ...
Read MoreHow to find length of a string without string.h and loop in C?
C provides libraries for string operations such as the string.h header file that contains a strlen() function, which counts the length of a string. Otherwise, a loop can be used to count the string length. There are also different ways to find the length of a string apart from the above two methods. So, basically, in this article, we will learn how to find the length of a string without string.h and loop in C. Find Length of a String Without string.h and Loop in C There are the following ways to find the string's length without using the string.h ...
Read MoreInsertion and Deletion in STL Set C++
The STL set is a container that stores unique elements in a sorted order. Insertions and deletions are common operations performed in containers like std::set and std::vector. In this article, we will learn how to insert and delete elements in a C++ STL set. Insertion in STL Set To insert a new element into a std::set you can use the insert method or the emplace method. Let's understand how to use these methods with examples. Using insert Method Using emplace Method 1. Using insert Method The insert ...
Read MoreHow to convert std::string to lower case in C++?
The STL library in C++ provides various inbuilt functions and methods to manipulate strings, such as converting them to lower case or upper case. In this article, we will learn all the approaches to convert a std::string to lower case in C++. First of all, let's understand the problem statement. In this problem, you are given a string as input and you need to convert it to lower case. The string may contain any type of characters such as letters, digits, and special characters. For example: // Input String std::string str = "Hello World! 123 @ TutorialsPoint"; // ...
Read MoreC++ Program to Find the peak element of an array using Binary Search approach
The peak element in an array is an element that is greater than its neighbor elements i.e., its left and right element. If the peak element is the starting element, then it should be greater than the next element (second element). If the peak element is the last element, then it should be greater than its previous value i.e., the second last element. In this article, we have an array of integers. Our task is to use the binary search algorithm to find the peak element present in the given array. Example Here are two examples to understand the ...
Read MoreHow to convert std::string to LPCSTR in C++?
std::string The std::string is a class of C++ Standard Library (STL) that represents a string (sequence of characters). It is used to handle strings with better memory management, i.e., it provides dynamic memory management for strings and supports a rich set of in-built functions for string manipulation. Syntax Following is the syntax of string: string str = "tutorialspoint"; std::LPCSTR LPCSTR stands for Long Pointer to Constant String. It is a constant, null-terminated string of ANSI (narrow) characters (8-bit characters). In contrast to LPCWSTR, which stores wide characters (Unicode/UTF-16), LPCSTR is used in Windows API functions to store regular char-based ...
Read MoreDesign a queue data structure to get minimum or maximum in O(1) time
In data structure & algorithm, we have a deque header file that handles the properties of stack and queue. For getting minimum and maximum value from O(1) time complexity, we need constant time. So, deque is one of the possible advantages of using both stack and queue. O(1) Time Complexity The O(1) time complexity is also known as constant time which defines an algorithm for taking the same amount of time instead of using size input. Syntax The basic syntax of deque data structure is as follows: deque name_of_queue; Here, deque : It ...
Read MoreC++ Program to Implement String Matching Using Vectors
In C++, we can create vectors easily using the standard library. We are taking the main string and the string that will be searched as a vector, then searching it into the main string. When one match is found the function returns the address, and removes it from the main string. So in the next iteration, it starts from location 0 and searches again. For multiple occurrences, we are using loops and repeatedly searching for the match, and return the position. Input: Main String: "ABCcdABCcdABC" Substring to search: "cd" Output: Match found at Position = 1 Match found at ...
Read MoreC++ Program to Find the Minimum element of an Array using Binary Search approach
The binary search works on the divide and conquer principle as it keeps dividing the array into half before searching. For applying the binary search algorithm, the given array should be sorted. Since the array is sorted we do not need to search the minimum element in the array. In this article, the given array has strictly decreasing elements in the left sub-array till it reaches the minimum element and the right sub-array has strictly increasing elements. For example: {40, 30, 20, 10, 25, 35}. In this example, the array is decreasing till it ...
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