Server Side Programming Articles - Page 2327 of 2646

Here we will see how to generate hollow pyramid and diamond patterns using C. We can generate solid Pyramid patterns very easily. To make it hollow, we have to add some few tricks.Hollow PyramidFor the pyramid at the first line it will print one star, and at the last line it will print n number of stars. For other lines it will print exactly two stars at the start and end of the line, and there will be some blank spaces between these two starts.Example Code#include int main() {    int n, i, j;    printf("Enter number of lines: ... Read More

In this section we will see how to make a digital clock using C. To work with time we can use the time.h header file. This header file has some function signatures that are used to handle date and time related issues.The four important components of time.h is like belowsize_t This size_t is basically the unsigned integral type. This is the result of sizeof().clock_t This is used to store the processor timetime_t This is used to store calendar timestruct tm This is a structure. It helps to hold the entire date and time.Example Code#include #include int main() { ... Read More

The multiply-with-carry method is a variant of the add-with-carry generator introduced by Marsaglia and Zaman (1991). The main advantages of this method are that it invokes simple computer integer arithmetic and leads to a very fast generation of sequences of random numbers with immense periods, ranging from around 260 to 22000000. In this article, our task is to generate random numbers using the multiply-with-carry method. Here is the formula of multiply-with-carry method: Multiply With Carry (MWC) Formula The multiply-with-carry formula is as follows: Xn = (a * Xn-1 + Cn-1) mod 232 Cn = (a * Xn-1 + Cn-1) ... Read More

The PGM is the Portable Gray Map. If we want to store a 2d array in C as images in PNG, JPEG, or any other image format, we have to do lots of work to encode the data in some specified format before writing into a file.The Netpbm format gives an easy and portable solution. The Netpbm is an open source package of graphics program and it is used basically in linux or Unix platform. It also works under Microsoft Windows systems.Each file starts with a two-byte magic number. This magic number is used to identify the type of the ... Read More

The Naor-Reingold pseudo-random function uses a mathematical formula for generating random numbers using an array of secret keys('a') and bits of an input number('x'). The generated random numbers can be repeated based on the array of secret keys. In this article, our task is to generate random numbers using the Naor-Reingold pseudo-random function. Formula of Naor-Reingold function The formula for generating random numbers using Naor-Reingold Pseudo-Random Function is given below: Example Here is an example of generating 5 random numbers using Naor-Reingold Function: Input: p = 31, g = 3, n = 4, a = [1, ... Read More

In this program we will see how to validate an IP address using C. The IPv4 addresses are represented in dot-decimal notation. There are four decimal numbers (all are ranging from 0 to 255). These four numbers are separated by three dots.An example of a valid IP is: 192.168.4.1To validate the IP address we should follow these stepsTokenize the string (IP address) using the dot “.” delimiterIf the sub strings are containing any non-numeric character, then return falseIf the number in each token is not in range 0 to 255, then return falseIf there are exactly three dots and four ... Read More

In this article we will see how we can print some characters without using any kind of format specifiers. The format specifiers in C are %d, %f, %c etc.These are used to print characters and numbers in C using the printf() function.Here we will see another way to print characters without using %c format specifier. This can be done by putting ASCII values directly in hexadecimal form.Example Code#include main () { printf("\x41 "); //41 is ASCII of A in Hex printf("\x52 "); //41 is ASCII of A in Hex printf("\x69 ... Read More

The Park-Miller algorithm is a type of linear congruential generator (LCG) that is used to generate pseudo-random numbers. It is also called the minimal standard random number generator. The general formula of a random number generator (RNG) of this type is: X_{k+1} = g X(k) mod n where the modulus n is a prime number or a power of a prime number, the multiplier g is an element of high multiplicative order modulo n, and the seed X0 is co-prime to n. In this article, we will be using Park-Miller algorithm to generate 5 pseudo-random numbers using C++. Here is ... Read More

In this section we will see how to write a program in C that cannot be terminated by the Ctrl + C key.The Ctrl + C generates the keyboard interrupt, and it stops the execution of the current process. Here when we will press the Ctrl + C key, it will print a message then continues the execution. To use this functionality, we will use the signal handling technique in C. When the Ctrl + C is pressed it generates SIGINT signal. There are some other signals and their functionalities in the following list.SignalDescriptionSIGABRTIndicates Abnormal terminationSIGFPE Indicates floating point exceptionSIGILL Indicates invalid ... Read More

Let us see how to write a C program in which we can print the text “Hello World” without using any semicolon.We can simply write the text by using the line printf(“Hello World”); in the main() function.But there is a semicolon at the end of the line. To avoid the semicolon, we can follow some trick. We can use the same printf() statement inside if condition. As the printf() statement returns the length of the text, so it is non zero value, so the if statement will be true. Thus the text will be written on screen.Example Code#include main() { ... Read More