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Articles by Krantik Chavan
176 articles
Network Control Protocol (NCP)
Network Control Protocol (NCP) is a set of protocols forming a part of Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP). PPP is a data link layer protocol that is used to transmit multiprotocol data between two directly connected (point-to-point) computers. PPP is composed of Link Control Protocol (LCP), Authentication Protocol (AP), and Network Control Protocol (NCP). NCPs are used for negotiating the parameters and facilities for the network layer. For every higher-layer protocol supported by PPP, one corresponding NCP is implemented to handle its specific configuration requirements. How NCP Works NCPs operate at the network layer within the PPP framework. They ...
Read MoreWhat is Payload in Computer Network?
In computer networking and telecommunications, when a transmission unit is sent from the source to the destination, it contains both a header and the actual data to be transmitted. This actual data is called the payload. The header contains the protocol information as well as the source and destination addresses, which are required for delivery of the payload. The payload is the essential information required by the destination client. Data Link Layer Frame Structure Header Control Info Payload (Actual Data) Data ...
Read MoreAsymmetric Digital Subscriber Loop (ADSL)
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) is a type of broadband communications technology that transmits digital data at a high bandwidth over existing phone lines to homes and businesses. The term "asymmetric" refers to the different upstream and downstream data rates, with downstream typically being much faster. In order to access ADSL, a Digital Subscriber Line modem (DSL modem) is installed at the client side. The DSL modem sends data bits over the local loop of the telephone network. The local loop is a two-wire connection between the subscriber's house and the end office of the telephone company. The data ...
Read MoreADSL protocol stacks
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) is a type of broadband communications technology that transmits digital data at a high bandwidth over existing phone lines to homes and businesses. The term "asymmetric" refers to the different data transmission speeds for upstream (from customer to provider) and downstream (from provider to customer) traffic. The ADSL protocol stack depicts the set of protocols and layers that work together to enable data transmission over traditional telephone infrastructure. This layered approach ensures reliable, efficient data delivery while maintaining compatibility with existing telephone systems. How ADSL Works To access ADSL, a Digital Subscriber ...
Read MorePPP over ATM (PPPoA)
PPP over ATM (PPPoA) is a data link layer protocol that transmits PPP data over ATM networks by encapsulating PPP frames in ATM Adaptation Layer 5 (AAL 5) frames. Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) is a data link layer protocol used to transmit data between two directly connected computers. It is a byte-oriented protocol widely used in broadband communications with heavy loads and high speeds, standardized as RFC 1661. In Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) networks, the ATM Adaptation Layer (AAL) provides facilities for non-ATM based networks to connect to ATM networks and use their services. The most widely deployed AAL ...
Read MoreHow to use formtarget attribute in HTML?
The formtarget attribute in HTML specifies where to display the response after submitting a form. This attribute overrides the target attribute of the element and is used only with and elements. Syntax Following is the syntax for the formtarget attribute − Where value can be _blank, _self, _parent, _top, or a custom frame name. Attribute Values The formtarget attribute accepts the following values − Value Description _blank Response gets displayed in a new window or tab _self The ...
Read MoreHow to handle Geolocation errors in HTML5?
The HTML5 Geolocation API allows websites to access a user's geographical location with their permission. While this API provides powerful location-aware functionality, geolocation requests can fail due to various reasons such as user denial, network issues, or hardware problems. Proper error handling is essential to provide a good user experience when location services are unavailable. Syntax The geolocation methods use an error callback function to handle failures − navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition(successCallback, errorCallback, options); navigator.geolocation.watchPosition(successCallback, errorCallback, options); The error callback receives a PositionError object containing error details. PositionError Object The PositionError object is passed to ...
Read MoreWhat are the MessageChannel and MessagePort Objects in HTML5?
The MessageChannel and MessagePort objects in HTML5 provide a powerful way to enable secure, bidirectional communication between different browsing contexts such as iframes, web workers, or different windows. When a MessageChannel is created, it internally generates two connected ports that can send data back and forth between separate execution contexts. MessageChannel Object The MessageChannel creates a communication channel with two MessagePort objects. It acts as a pipe that connects two separate browsing contexts, allowing them to exchange messages securely. Syntax var channel = new MessageChannel(); MessagePort Object Each MessageChannel contains two MessagePort ...
Read MoreHow to draw a rounded Rectangle on HTML Canvas?
To draw a rounded rectangle in HTML Canvas, we need to use the Canvas API methods. While the rect() method creates regular rectangles, it doesn't support rounded corners. Instead, we combine lineTo() for straight edges and quadraticCurveTo() for curved corners to create smooth rounded rectangles. The HTML5 element provides a drawing surface where we can create graphics using JavaScript. For rounded rectangles, we manually draw each side and corner using path methods. Syntax Following is the syntax for creating a rounded rectangle using canvas methods − ctx.beginPath(); ctx.moveTo(x + radius, y); ctx.lineTo(x + width ...
Read MoreChrome and HTML5 GeoLocation denial callback
When using HTML5 Geolocation API in Chrome, users can deny location access or the request can timeout. Here's how to handle these scenarios properly. The Challenge Chrome's geolocation behavior can be unpredictable when users deny permission or when requests timeout. The callbacks might not always fire as expected, requiring additional timeout handling. Basic Error Handling The geolocation API accepts success and error callbacks: Geolocation Example function successCallback(position) { ...
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