Programming Articles - Page 2125 of 3363

You can format any time as per your requirement, but simple method to get time in readable format is asctime() −Example Live Demo#!/usr/bin/python import time; localtime = time.asctime( time.localtime(time.time()) ) print "Local current time :", localtimeOutputThis would produce the following result −Local current time : Tue Jan 13 10:17:09 2009

To translate a time instant from a seconds since the epoch floating-point value into a time-tuple, pass the floating-point value to a function (e.g., localtime) that returns a time-tuple with all nine items valid.Example Live Demo#!/usr/bin/python import time; localtime = time.localtime(time.time()) print "Local current time :", localtimeOutputThis would produce the following result, which could be formatted in any other presentable form −Local current time : time.struct_time(tm_year=2013, tm_mon=7, tm_mday=17, tm_hour=21, tm_min=26, tm_sec=3, tm_wday=2, tm_yday=198, tm_isdst=0)

Many of Python's time functions handle time as a tuple of 9 numbers, as shown below −IndexFieldValues04-digit year20081Month1 to 122Day1 to 313Hour0 to 234Minute0 to 595Second0 to 61 (60 or 61 are leap-seconds)6Day of Week0 to 6 (0 is Monday)7Day of year1 to 366 (Julian day)8Daylight savings-1, 0, 1, -1 means library determines DSTThe above tuple is equivalent to struct_time structure. This structure has following attributes −IndexAttributesValues0tm_year20081tm_mon1 to 122tm_mday1 to 313tm_hour0 to 234tm_min0 to 595tm_sec0 to 61 (60 or 61 are leap-seconds)6tm_wday0 to 6 (0 is Monday)7tm_yday1 to 366 (Julian day)8tm_isdst-1, 0, 1, -1 means library determines DSTRead More

Python includes the following dictionary functions −Sr.NoFunction with Description1cmp(dict1, dict2)Compares elements of both dict.2len(dict)Gives the total length of the dictionary. This would be equal to the number of items in the dictionary.3str(dict)Produces a printable string representation of a dictionary4type(variable)Returns the type of the passed variable. If passed variable is dictionary, then it would return a dictionary type.Python includes following dictionary methods −Sr.NoMethods with Description1dict.clear()Removes all elements of dictionary dict2dict.copy()Returns a shallow copy of dictionary dict3dict.fromkeys()Create a new dictionary with keys from seq and values set to value.4dict.get(key, default=None)For key key, returns value or default if key not in dictionary5dict.has_key(key)Returns true ... Read More

Dictionary values have no restrictions. They can be any arbitrary Python object, either standard objects or user-defined objects. However, same is not true for the keys.There are two important points to remember about dictionary keys −More than one entry per key not allowed. Which means no duplicate key is allowed. When duplicate keys encountered during assignment, the last assignment wins.ExampleFollowing is a simple example − Live Demo#!/usr/bin/python dict = {'Name': 'Zara', 'Age': 7, 'Name': 'Manni'} print "dict['Name']: ", dict['Name']OutputWhen the above code is executed, it produces the following result −dict['Name']: Manni Keys must be immutable. Which means you can use strings, ... Read More

You can either remove individual dictionary elements or clear the entire contents of a dictionary. You can also delete entire dictionary in a single operation.To explicitly remove an entire dictionary, just use the del statement.ExampleFollowing is a simple example − Live Demo#!/usr/bin/python dict = {'Name': 'Zara', 'Age': 7, 'Class': 'First'} del dict['Name']; # remove entry with key 'Name' dict.clear(); # remove all entries in dict del dict ; # delete entire dictionary print "dict['Age']: ", dict['Age'] print "dict['School']: ", dict['School']OutputThis produces the following result. Note that an exception is raised because after del dict dictionary does not exist any more −dict['Age']: Traceback (most ... Read More

You can update a dictionary by adding a new entry or a key-value pair, modifying an existing entry, or deleting an existing entry as shown below in the simple example −Example Live Demo#!/usr/bin/python dict = {'Name': 'Zara', 'Age': 7, 'Class': 'First'} dict['Age'] = 8; # update existing entry dict['School'] = "DPS School"; # Add new entry print "dict['Age']: ", dict['Age'] print "dict['School']: ", dict['School']OutputWhen the above code is executed, it produces the following result −dict['Age']: 8 dict['School']: DPS School

Accessing Values of Dictionary in Python Accessing dictionary items in Python involves retrieving the values associated with specific keys within a dictionary data structure. Dictionaries are composed of key-value pairs, where each key is unique and maps to a corresponding value. Accessing dictionary items allows us to retrieve these values by providing the respective keys. There are various ways to access dictionary items in Python. They include − Using square brackets[] The get() method Using keys() Method Using values() Method ... Read More

Python includes the following tuple functions −Sr.NoFunction with Description1cmp(tuple1, tuple2)Compares elements of both tuples.2len(tuple)Gives the total length of the tuple.3max(tuple)Returns item from the tuple with max value.4min(tuple)Returns item from the tuple with min value.5tuple(seq)Converts a list into tuple.

Any set of multiple objects, comma-separated, written without identifying symbols, i.e., brackets for lists, parentheses for tuples, etc., default to tuples, as indicated in these short examples −Example Live Demo#!/usr/bin/python print 'abc', -4.24e93, 18+6.6j, 'xyz'; x, y = 1, 2; print "Value of x , y : ", x,y;OutputWhen the above code is executed, it produces the following result −abc -4.24e+93 (18+6.6j) xyz Value of x , y : 1 2