Programming Articles - Page 1996 of 3366

We are given the variable and the task is to find the probability of the variable using an error function available in C++ STL. This function is available in the cmath header file in C++.What is an Error function?Error function in mathematics is also known as Gauss error function which is denoted by erf(). It is a special function that is used in probability, statistic and partial differential equations for the calculation of error that can occur. It is defined as −There are two closely related error function −complementary error function − It is defined as erfc x = 1 ... Read More

Computer graphics deals with drawing images and graphics on a computer screen. Here, we treat the screen as a 2-D coordinate system. This coordinate system starts from top-left (0, 0) and ends at bottom-right.Viewing plane is the area defined for drawing graphics in computer graphics. Or the visible area of the screen.Clipping is deleting those points or graphics that are outside the viewing plane.Let's take an example to understand clipping.Here points C and D will be clipped as they are outside the viewing plane marked with blue color.In order to clip a point in computer graphics. We need to know ... Read More

In this article we will be discussing the working, syntax and examples of std::count_if() function in C++ STL.What is std::count_if()?std::count_if() function is an inbuilt function in C++ STL, which is defined in header file. count_if() is used to get the number of elements in a specified range which satisfy a condition. This function returns an integer value which is the number of elements which satisfies the condition.The function not only iterates through the given range but also checks if the statement or condition is true and counts how many times the statement or condition was true and returns the ... Read More

In this problem, we are given a linked list with a value, link pointer and an arbitrary pointer. Our task is to make the arbitrary pointer point to point the next large value in the list.Let’s take an example to understand the problem, Here, we can see 8 points to 12, 12 to 41, 41 to 54, 54 to 76 which are successive larger elements of the linked list.To solve this problem, we will use the merge sort algorithm to sort elements and use the sort as a linked list for the arbitrary pointer.For this we will use the merge ... Read More

The polar function of complex numbers is used to return a complex number.The polar() function is defined in the complex header file in c++. It takes the magnitude and phase angle of a complex number and generates a complex number using these values.Syntaxpolar(mag, phase);Parameters − it takes two values are parameters, the phase, and magnitude of the complex number to be generated.Return value − the function returns a complex number.polar(0.2, 0.5) -> (0.175517,0.0958851)Example Live Demo#include #include>complex.h> using namespace std; int main () {    cout

In this article we will be discussing the working, syntax and examples of multiset::equal_range() function in C++ STL.What is a multiset in C++ STL?Multisets are the containers similar to the set container, meaning they store the values in the form of keys same like a set, in a specific order.In multiset the values are identified as keys as same as sets. The main difference between multiset and set is that the set has distinct keys, meaning no two keys are the same, in multiset there can be the same keys value.Multiset keys are used to implement binary search trees.What is ... Read More

In this problem, we are given an array of n elements. Each element of the array has either a policeman or a thief, one thief can be caught by one police and we have to find the maximum number of thieves that can be caught by the police if a policeman can catch a thief k units away from him.Let’s take an example to understand the problem, Input −array = {T, P, P, P, T , T, T} K = 2.Output − 3Explanation − here, each policeman will catch a thief, P at index 1 will catch T at index ... Read More

In this article we will be discussing the working, syntax and examples of multiset::crbegin() and multiset::crend() function in C++ STL.What is a multiset in C++ STL?Multisets are the containers similar to the set container, meaning they store the values in the form of keys same like a set, in a specific order.In multiset the values are identified as keys as same as sets. The main difference between multiset and set is that the set has distinct keys, meaning no two keys are the same, in multiset there can be the same keys value.Multiset keys are used to implement binary search ... Read More

g++ compiler is a C++ compiler for GNU in Linux.The g++ compiler also adds support for some special data structures that are not in C++ programming language standard library. These are known as policy-based data structures.The policy-based data structures provide the programmer a high-performance, semantic safety and flexibility as compared to the standard data structures of C++ std library.To include these data structures to your program, the following lines should be added, #include using namespace __gnu_pbds;ExampleLet’s see a program to see how these policy-based data structures work. Live Demo#include #include #include #include using namespace __gnu_pbds; using ... Read More

In this article we will be discussing the working, syntax and examples of multiset::cbegin() and multiset::cend() function in C++ STL.What is a multiset in C++ STL?Multisets are the containers similar to the set container, meaning they store the values in the form of keys same like a set, in a specific order.In multiset the values are identified as keys as same as sets. The main difference between multiset and set is that the set has distinct keys, meaning no two keys are the same, in multiset there can be the same keys value.Multiset keys are used to implement binary search ... Read More