In this article, we will learn how to calculate cumulative product in MATLAB. So, lets, start with the basic definition of cumulative product. What is Cumulative Product? A mathematical operation in which the product of a sequence of numbers is computed in a cumulative manner is called cumulative product. In the cumulative product, the product of elements of a sequence of numbers is computed up to the given index and the result obtained in each step is stored in the form of an array. To understand the what is the cumulative product? Let’s consider an example as follows. Let a ... Read More

In this article, we will explore how to calculate covariance using MATLAB programming. But before that let’s have a look into the basic theory of covariance and importance. What is Covariance? Covariance is a statistical tool used to describe the correlation between two or more random variables. In other words, covariance is a measure that gives information about relationship between two or more variables. The covariable is primarily used to quantify the changes in one variable with respect to changes in another variables. The covariance between two random variables ‘A’ and ‘B’ is specified as cov(A, B), and ... Read More

In digital image processing, filtering is defined as a process of modifying an image to enhance its visibility. Image filtering in digital image processing involves the use of some mathematical operations applied to each pixel of the image. It alters the pixel value to achieve the desired corrections like noise reduction, edge detection, image enhancement, etc. The image filtering is performed by applying a filter to the image. Where, the filter is nothing but a matrix of numbers that determine how to modify the pixel values. There are several types of image filters available based on different requirements. Some common ... Read More

According to the convolution theorem for Fourier transform, the convolution of two signals in the time domain is equivalent to the multiplication in the frequency domain. Therefore, if two signals are convolved in the time domain, they result the same if their Fourier transforms are multiplied in the frequency domain. For example, if x(t) and h(t) are two signals in the time domain and their Fourier transforms are X(ω) and H(ω) respectively. Then, their convolution in the time domain is given by, f(t) = x(t) * h(t) Here, the symbol ‘*’ represent the convolution of two signals. And the ... Read More

In digital signal processing and image processing, the convolution is a crucial mathematical operation. The primary function of the convolution is to combine two signals to produce a resulting signal. The resulting signal specifies the interaction between the two signals that we combined. In MATLAB, we can perform the convolution of two signals by using a built−in function ‘conv()’. This MATLAB function performs the convolution by using a discrete approximation of the integration. For this, it uses discrete samples of the input signals. Syntax The following is the general syntax for the ‘conv()’ function, a = conv(x, y, shape); ... Read More

Introduction Data mining is a powerful technique used to extract meaningful insights and patterns from large datasets. It involves the application of statistical and computational algorithms to uncover hidden relationships and trends within the data. One popular tool for data mining is the programming language R. In this article, we will delve into the world of data mining with R, exploring its capabilities and applications. Understanding Data Mining Data mining is the process of discovering patterns, relationships, and insights from large datasets. It involves several steps, including data preprocessing, exploratory data analysis, model building, and evaluation. Data mining techniques can ... Read More

The NumPy library has a wide range of tools which perform the comparison and filtering of the arrays. The comparison of arrays will be done element by element in row wise and column wise based on the dimension of the array. When we want to retrieve a particular array element, then we can apply the filtering. NumPy is abbreviated as Numerical python, which is used to perform mathematical and scientific calculations on multidimensional arrays and matrices. There are different functions and methods available in NumPy to perform the filtering and comparison of the arrays. Comparing NumPy Arrays Following are ... Read More

Introduction Big data analytics has become an integral part of decision-making and business intelligence across various industries. With the exponential growth of data, organizations need robust tools and techniques to extract meaningful insights. R, a powerful programming language and software environment, has gained popularity for its extensive capabilities in data analysis and statistical computing. In this comprehensive guide, we will explore how R can be effectively utilized for big data analytics, covering various aspects and techniques. Understanding R for Big Data Analytics R Programming Language: R is an open-source programming language that provides a wide range of statistical and graphical ... Read More

Introduction R, a powerful programming language, offers a wide range of packages specifically designed for financial analysis and modeling. These packages provide robust tools and functions to handle various aspects of finance, including data manipulation, statistical analysis, portfolio management, risk assessment, and visualization. In this article, we will explore some of the popular R packages for finance and delve into their key features and applications. Data Manipulation Packages dplyr − dplyr is a versatile package that simplifies data manipulation tasks in R. It provides a concise grammar for data manipulation, allowing users to easily filter, arrange, select, mutate, and summarize ... Read More

Introduction Machine learning has revolutionized the field of artificial intelligence and data analysis. With the ever-increasing availability of data and computational power, machine learning algorithms have become essential tools for extracting valuable insights and making predictions from large and complex datasets. Among the various programming languages used in machine learning, R stands out as a popular choice due to its versatility and extensive library support. In this article, we will provide a comprehensive introduction to R for machine learning, exploring its capabilities, libraries, and applications. What is R? R is a powerful statistical programming language widely used for data analysis, ... Read More