We can find many similarities between Java and C/C++ programming languages in terms of syntaxes and features. But, there are several functionalities that have been omitted from Java like 'typedef'. If someone coming from a C/C++ background, must have heard the 'typedef' keyword, and often wonders, is there any equivalent to typedef in Java? In simple words, Java does not provide a direct equivalent to typedef. The creators of Java replaced this feature with classes. In fact, a class can do even more than a typedef can do. Replacement to typedef of C/C++ in Java? Before exploring the ... Read More

When we start learning Java, we often wonder about symbols like @override and @inherited written within the code blocks. They are a special kind of tag termed as Annotations that can be applied to classes, methods, fields, parameters, and other elements of the code. The @Target annotation is one of the types of meta-annotations that specifies the defined annotation type applicable to which code block element. Don't get confused by these terms, we will clear all the doubts and confusion as we move forward in this article. The @Target Annotation of Java The first thing we need to understand is ... Read More

Being a programmer we must have developed an application that performs CRUD operations. Here, the term CRUD means Create, Read, Update and delete. The collection on which these operations can be performed is called as modifiable collection. However, there is a way to make a collection unmodifiable so that one cannot make any changes to the original collection. Although we can't alter the elements, we can iterate over this collection. To iterate over unmodifiable collections in Java, we can use either the for-each loop or iterator(). Let's discuss it in detail. Iterate Over Unmodifiable Collection in Java As mentioned earlier, ... Read More

In simple words, the iterable interface is a common interface that allows us to iterate over a collection of objects. It was first introduced with the release of JDK 1.5 and made available in 'java.lang' package. The Java Collection Framework extends this interface, hence all the classes available in this collection framework by default implement the iterable interface. In other words, the classes of collection framework such as ArrayList, TreeSet, TreeMap and HashMap are iterable. This article aims to explain the iterable interface of Java along with its use case. Iterable Interface in Java The only use case exhibited ... Read More

In Java, interfaces serve two purposes pure abstraction and multiple inheritance. Generally, an interface consists of abstract methods and variables that define the behavior which a class can implement. If we create two interfaces that contain methods and variables with the same name, then interface naming conflicts may arise. However, it is not the only scenario that can cause this conflict, we are going to explore all the possible situations causing interface naming conflicts. Interface Naming Conflicts in Java Before heading to the interface naming conflicts, it is necessary to understand the abstract methods and how to create interfaces in ... Read More

Array is a linear data structure that is used to store a group of elements with similar datatypes. It stores data in a sequential manner. Once we create an array we can't change its size i.e. it is of fixed length. There are various ways to create an array named 'a[]' of type integer including 'int[] a' and 'int a[]'. But, the question that pops up here is that is there any difference between these two syntaxes and which one is preferable. Stick with us till the end of this article to find out the answer to these questions. How ... Read More

In Java, the streams allow us to perform the functional operations on the specified element. It simply channelizes the elements of source such as arrays, files and classes of collection framework, through various built-in methods to return the result. These built-in methods could be intermediate or terminal. In this article, we are going to explore some intermediate methods of Stream, such as map, filter, reduce, and collect. These methods help us to manipulate and process data. Intermediate Methods of Java Streams The methods of Java Streams are collectively called as a higher-order function, which further classified as − Intermediate ... Read More

The name Numpy stands for Numerical Python. It helps to solve the mathematical operation on an array. In Python, we have some built-in functions such as nditor(), T(), array(), shape[], and apply_along_axis() that will be used to iterate over columns in Numpy. Syntax The following syntax is used in the examples- nditer() The NumPy module contains this built-in function for iterator objects. T() This function refers to transposing of the index in a column dataframe. array() This is a built-in function in Python that creates the array. An array is defined by collecting the items of ... Read More

The reverse slice is defined by creating a slice that begins with the length of the string and ends with the 0th index. For reversing the list element it will use the negative value notation, where we can get a reversed order of the original list element. In Python, we have some built-in functions such as append(), len(), and, range() will be used to solve the K elements Reversed Slice. Syntax The following syntax is used in the examples- append() This built-in method in Python can be used to add the element at the end of the list. len() ... Read More

The pygame is the name of the module of Python that helps to build the code for graphics such as rectangles, squares, circles, etc. It is also used the write the code for animation programs in Python. Eclipse is famous for Java IDE but here we have to set the environment of Python to run the program based on Pygame. System requirement Memory: 4 GB CPU: Intel Core ... Read More