Introduction Adobe Flash Player has been a widely used multimedia platform for many years, enabling users to view interactive content, play online games, and stream videos. However, with the rise of HTML5 and the continuous evolution of web standards, Flash Player has been gradually phased out and is no longer officially supported by Adobe. Nevertheless, some legacy systems and applications may still require Flash Player 11.2 to function properly. In this article, we will guide you through the process of installing Adobe Flash Player 11.2 on CentOS/RHEL 7/6 and Fedora 25-20. Prerequisites Before proceeding with the installation, ensure that you ... Read More

Introduction Email communication remains an integral part of our personal and professional lives. Setting up a reliable and secure mail server is crucial for efficient communication within organizations or for personal use. RedMail, a fully-featured mail server solution, offers a comprehensive suite of tools to create virtual domains, access webmail, and enhance email security with SpamAssassin and ClamAV. In this article, we will guide you through the process of installing RedMail on a Linux system, showcasing examples and their outputs to help you get started. Prerequisites Before we dive into the installation process, make sure you have a Linux server ... Read More

Introduction Setting up a server is an essential step in creating a reliable and secure environment for hosting websites, applications, or managing data. In this article, we will explore the process of setting up an Ubuntu server, specifically versions 20.04, 18.04, and 16.04. We will cover the necessary steps, along with practical examples and their corresponding outputs, to help you navigate through the initial server setup process seamlessly. Prerequisites Before diving into the server setup, ensure that you have the following prerequisites in place − An Ubuntu 20.04, 18.04, or 16.04 server instance. A user account with administrative privileges (or ... Read More

Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) is a Linux-based operating system from Red Hat designed for businesses. This article is a practical guide on how to carry out the initial server setup and configurations on RHEL 7. In this tutorial, we will walk you through the essential first steps to prepare a RHEL 7 server for use. Section 1: Logging in as Root After your server boots, you will be able to log in as the root user. The root user is the administrative user in a Linux environment with very broad privileges. Example − ssh root@your_server_ip Section 2: Creating ... Read More

Numerics are essential for understanding the complex facets of disc storage since they offer a hands-on, practical method to grasp fundamental ideas. We may investigate how disc capacity, performance, and utilization are estimated by delving into numerical examples, helping us to understand the fundamentals of efficient storage management. Example − Think of a cloud service provider, for instance, that provides its customers with access to file storage. The service provider stores customer files, including documents, photos, and multimedia content, on disc storage. The disc storage system is built to support high data throughput and offers reliable file access. In this article, ... Read More

Linux has built-in support for two types of Mandatory Access Control (MAC) systems: SELinux and AppArmor. Both systems add an additional layer of access control to the default Discretionary Access Control (DAC) that comes with Linux. In this article, we delve into the implementation of both systems, offering practical examples and their respective outputs. Understanding SELinux and AppArmor SELinux, short for Security-Enhanced Linux, is a Linux kernel security module that provides a mechanism for supporting access control security policies. It is a highly flexible MAC system that assigns labels to every object in the system (files, directories, ports, etc.) and ... Read More

The Nucleus is an RTOS that was developed by Mentor Graphics Embedded Software Division, a Siemens Business that supports 32-bit and 64-bit embedded system platforms. The Nucleus operating system (OS) is mainly intended for use in real-time embedded systems in medical, aerospace, industrial, consumer, and Internet of Things (IoT) applications. In this article, we will explore Nucleus Operating System, its components, and features as well. Nucleus Operating System The Nucleus OS was initially introduced in 1993. The latest version, 3.x, offers various features, including 64-bit support, safety certification, power management, and a process model. It also supports heterogeneous computing ... Read More

The NTFS file system used by Windows operating systems includes NTFS (New Technology File System) junction points. In essence, junction points are a kind of symbolic link that lets you join one directory to another inside the same file system. In this article, we will explore NTFS Junction Points, it’s architecture diagram, their use cases, example code in C#, and their benefits as well. NTFS Junction Points The main purpose of junction points is to build directory-level links, which let you change the path's destination to another location on the same volume. This can be helpful in a variety ... Read More

Concurrent programming employs the notion of lock variable synchronization to make sure that several threads or processes can safely access shared resources without coming into race situations or inconsistent data. It offers a mechanism to manage the order in which threads or processes are executed, enabling them to have exclusive access to shared resources when required. In this article, we will explore the mechanism of lock variable synchronization, use cases, and an example code snippet in C as well. Lock Variable Synchronization Utilizing a shared variable, often known as a lock or mutex (short for mutual exclusion), to ... Read More

Introduction System monitoring is an essential aspect of Linux administration, as it gives a clear overview of system resources usage, and the performances of various processes and applications running on a Linux system. Several tools provide this functionality, but Htop stands out due to its superior features and user-friendly interface. Htop is an interactive process viewer and system monitor that supersedes the older 'top' utility found in most Linux distributions. Htop offers a real−time, color−coded, and graphical representation of the processes running on a system, with CPU, memory, and swap usage displayed at the top. In this article, we delve ... Read More