Article Categories
- All Categories
-
Data Structure
-
Networking
-
RDBMS
-
Operating System
-
Java
-
MS Excel
-
iOS
-
HTML
-
CSS
-
Android
-
Python
-
C Programming
-
C++
-
C#
-
MongoDB
-
MySQL
-
Javascript
-
PHP
-
Economics & Finance
Computer Science Articles
Page 52 of 53
Computer Storage Definitions and Notations
Computer storage contains many components that are used to store computer data. Some information about the various storage devices is given below.Computer Storage DefinitionsThe computer storage devices include Primary and Secondary Storage devices. These are explained in detail as follows −Primary Storage DevicesPrimary storage is also known as the main memory and is the memory directly accessible by the CPU. Some primary storage devices are −ROMROM is read only memory. This memory cannot be changed, it can only be read as required. Since ROM is unchangeable memory, it is used by data and programs that are frequently required and seldom ...
Read MoreZombie vs Orphan vs Daemon Processes
Details about the zombie, orphan and daemon processes are given as follows −Zombie ProcessesA zombie process is a process whose execution is completed but it still has an entry in the process table. Zombie processes usually occur for child processes, as the parent process still needs to read its child’s exit status. Once this is done using the wait system call, the zombie process is eliminated from the process table. This is known as reaping the zombie process.A diagram that demonstrates the creation and termination of a zombie process is given as follows −Zombie processes don't use any system resources ...
Read MoreProcess Scheduling Fundamentals
Process Scheduling handles the selection of a process for the processor on the basis of a scheduling algorithm and also the removal of a process from the processor. It is an important part of multiprogramming in operating system.Process Scheduling AlgorithmsProcess scheduling algorithms are used to handle the selection of a process for the processor or distribute resources maong processes.Some of the process scheduling algorithms are given as follows −First Come First ServedThis algorithm handles the processes in the order they arrive in the ready queue. FCFS is the simplest scheduling algorithm. There is no preemption in FCFS and so no ...
Read MoreSingle-threaded and Multi-threaded Processes
Single threaded processes contain the execution of instructions in a single sequence. In other words, one command is processes at a time.The opposite of single threaded processes are multithreaded processes. These processes allow the execution of multiple parts of a program at the same time. These are lightweight processes available within the process.Multithreaded Processes ImplementationMultithreaded processes can be implemented as user-level threads or kernel-level threads. Details about these are provided using the following diagram −User-level ThreadsThe user-level threads are implemented by users and the kernel is not aware of the existence of these threads. It handles them as if they ...
Read MoreMajor issues with Multi-threaded Programs
Multithreaded programs allow the execution of multiple parts of a program at the same time. These parts are known as threads and are lightweight processes available within the process.Threads improve the application performance using parallelism. They share information like data segment, code segment files etc. with their peer threads while they contain their own registers, stack, counter etc.Some of the issues with multithreaded programs are as follows −Let us see them one by one −Increased Complexity − Multithreaded processes are quite complicated. Coding for these can only be handled by expert programmers.Complications due to Concurrency − It is difficult to ...
Read MoreStarvation and Deadlock
Starvation and Deadlock are situations that occur when the processes that require a resource are delayed for a long time. However they are quite different concepts.Details about starvation and deadlock are given as follows −StarvationStarvation occurs if a process is indefinitely postponed. This may happen if the process requires a resource for execution that it is never alloted or if the process is never provided the processor for some reason.Some of the common causes of starvation are as follows −If a process is never provided the resources it requires for execution because of faulty resource allocation decisions, then starvation can ...
Read MoreShared Memory Model of Process Communication
Process communication is the mechanism provided by the operating system that allows processes to communicate with each other. This communication could involve a process letting another process know that some event has occurred or transferring of data from one process to another. One of the models of process communication is the shared memory model.The shared memory in the shared memory model is the memory that can be simultaneously accessed by multiple processes. This is done so that the processes can communicate with each other. All POSIX systems, as well as Windows operating systems use shared memory.A diagram that illustrates the ...
Read MoreWhat is bus arbitration in computer organization?
What is Bus Arbitration?A device that initiates data transfers on the bus at any given time is called a bus master.In a computer system, there may be more than one bus master such as a DMA controller or a processor etc.These devices share the system bus and when a current master bus relinquishes another bus can acquire the control of the processor.Bus arbitration is a process by which next device becomes the bus controller by transferring bus mastership to another bus.Types of Bus ArbitrationThere are two types of bus arbitration namelyCentralised Arbitration.Distributed Arbitration.Only single bus arbiter performs the required arbitration ...
Read MoreWhich is the best Programming language for career growth and development?
Well, if you are looking to learn a programming language for your career growth and advancement there are many programming languages out there. There are hundreds of programming languages on the web which can be learned online itself. There is no particular programming language which will help you in your career growth.Programming languages are dynamic in nature and one has to adopt any new technology by learning new programming languages. Of course, there are some popular programming languages which will help you in terms of career growth.SQLSQL(Structured Programming Language) is a popular programming language in the present scenario.It has been ...
Read MoreStorage Device Hierarchy
Computer storage has components that store computer data. The different storage types in the storage hierarchy are as follows: Primary Storage This is also known as the main memory and is the memory directly accessible by the CPU. All the instructions are executed in the main memory by CPU and the data required by these instructions is also stored in main memory. Main memory primarily consists of the RAM which is volatile in nature. It is also quite small compared to secondary memory and expensive as well. Secondary Storage Secondary or external storage is not directly accessible by the ...
Read More