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Articles on Trending Technologies
Technical articles with clear explanations and examples
What are the types of system calls used in file management?
File management system calls are essential operating system functions that allow programs to interact with the file system. These system calls provide a standardized interface for creating, opening, reading, writing, and manipulating files at the kernel level. Types of File Management System Calls File Access System Calls open() − Opens a file for reading, writing, or both. Requires filename and access mode parameters. close() − Closes an open file and releases associated resources like file descriptors. read() − Reads data from an open file into a buffer in memory. write() − Writes data from a buffer ...
Read MoreProcess Multiple Input Files Using Awk
Awk is a powerful text processing tool widely used by developers, system administrators, and analysts to manipulate data in various ways. It can process text files, extract data, and transform it into different formats. One of its key features is the ability to process multiple input files simultaneously, making it ideal for batch processing tasks. How Awk Handles Multiple Input Files When processing multiple input files, Awk treats each file as a separate stream of input data. It reads each file in sequence, processing the input data from each file in turn. This allows you to process files ...
Read MoreHow to Encrypt Drives Using LUKS in Fedora Linux?
Linux Unified Key Setup (LUKS) is a disk encryption specification that provides an easy-to-use interface for encrypting hard drives. It is a widely used encryption standard in the Linux community, ensuring data stored on your hard drive remains safe from unauthorized access in the event of theft or loss. When you encrypt a drive with LUKS, all your files, documents, and media become unreadable without the correct password. Without this password key, it's virtually impossible to access the contents of an encrypted drive. Considering the amount of sensitive information we store on our computers — tax records, personal finance ...
Read MoreHow to Encrypt Full Disk While Installing Ubuntu 22.04?
Data security has become a critical concern in today's digital world where personal and professional information is stored on computers. Full disk encryption protects your data by encrypting the entire hard drive, making it unreadable without the correct passphrase even if someone gains physical access to your device. Ubuntu 22.04 provides built-in full disk encryption using LUKS (Linux Unified Key Setup) with AES-256 encryption. This feature encrypts all data including the operating system, applications, user files, and temporary files, ensuring comprehensive protection. Prerequisites Before starting the installation process, ensure you have − A bootable USB ...
Read MoreDifferentiate between 5 state and 7 state process models.
A process is a program in execution that consists of more than just program code (text section). Process management is fundamental to operating systems as all tasks require processes to execute. The process changes state as it progresses through different phases of execution. The state of a process is defined by its current activity. Only one process can run on a processor at any given instant, while many processes may be ready and waiting for CPU time. Five State Process Model The 5-state model represents the basic lifecycle of a process with the following states − ...
Read MoreBest Way to Install Go 1.7 on Ubuntu
Go is a free and open source programming language created by Google in 2007. It provides convenient tools to build simple, reliable, and efficient programs. This language is designed for writing server-side applications. This article explains how to install Go 1.7 on Ubuntu systems. Installing Go Programming Language To download the Go language binary archive file, use the following command − $ wget https://storage.googleapis.com/golang/go1.7.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz The sample output should be like this − --2016-12-29 10:49:44-- https://storage.googleapis.com/golang/go1.7.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz Resolving storage.googleapis.com (storage.googleapis.com)... 216.58.197.48, 2404:6800:4007:807::2010 Connecting to storage.googleapis.com (storage.googleapis.com)|216.58.197.48|:443... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK ...
Read MoreHow to Exit (Quit) Linux Vim/Vi editor?
Vim and Vi are two of the most widely used text editors in the Linux operating system. They are powerful, versatile, and provide numerous features that make them ideal for programming, editing configuration files, or performing any other text-based task. However, these editors can be somewhat intimidating for beginners due to their unique interface, commands, and modal nature. One of the most important skills you need when using Vim/Vi is knowing how to exit properly. Many new users find themselves "trapped" in the editor, unable to quit. This guide covers all the essential exit commands and techniques. Understanding ...
Read MoreDifference Between Windows and OpenBSD
Windows and OpenBSD are two distinct operating systems that have several fundamental differences. These differences arise from variations in their design philosophy, target audience, security approaches, and licensing models. Microsoft Windows Operating System Windows is a proprietary operating system developed by Microsoft, first released as Windows 1.0 in 1985. It has evolved to become one of the dominant operating systems in consumer and enterprise markets worldwide. Key Features of Windows Graphical User Interface − Windows offers an intuitive GUI that has become synonymous with personal computing, designed for users ranging from casual home users to ...
Read MoreWhat are the operations on process?
A process is a program in execution that includes more than just program code (called the text section). This concept is fundamental to all operating systems because every task performed by the OS requires a process to execute it. The process executes as it changes state. The state of a process is defined by the current activity of that process. Process States Each process may be in one of the following states − New − The process is being created. Running − Instructions are currently being executed. Waiting − The process is waiting for an ...
Read MoreC-LOOK vs C-SCAN Disk Scheduling Algorithm
In computer systems, disk scheduling is required for smooth operation of the system. Disk scheduling is done by the operating system, which schedules I/O requests arriving at the disk. Therefore, disk scheduling is also called I/O scheduling. Multiple I/O requests from different processes may arrive simultaneously, but the disk controller can serve only one request at a time, requiring all others to wait for the next schedule. Operating systems use several disk scheduling algorithms such as FCFS (First Come First Served), SSTF (Shortest Seek Time First), SCAN, C-SCAN (Circular SCAN), LOOK, and C-LOOK (Circular LOOK). What is C-LOOK ...
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