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Articles on Trending Technologies
Technical articles with clear explanations and examples
How to Enable SSH on Ubuntu?
Secure Shell (SSH) is a cryptographic network protocol that allows secure remote access to a computer or server over an unsecured network. It provides a secure and encrypted channel between two devices for running commands remotely or securely transferring files. SSH was designed to replace Telnet, FTP, and Rlogin, which transmit plain text data and are easily intercepted by attackers. SSH is an essential tool for system administrators, developers, and users who need secure remote server access. Checking if SSH is Installed on Ubuntu Before enabling SSH on Ubuntu, check whether OpenSSH server is already installed. You ...
Read MoreTracking Down Where Disk Space Has Gone on Linux
As a Linux user, you might have come across a situation where you ran out of disk space, but you are not sure where all space has gone. It can be frustrating, but fortunately, there are several tools and techniques you can use to track down where disk space has gone on Linux. In this article, we will cover the following methods to help you identify where your disk space has gone and reclaim valuable storage space. Check Overall Disk Usage The first step is to get an overview of your disk usage. The df command shows ...
Read MorePrint Linux Directory Structure as a Tree
Linux is an open-source operating system that offers various powerful command-line tools to manage files and directories. One such essential tool is the tree command, which displays the directory structure of a Linux system in a hierarchical tree-like format. This visual representation makes it easier to understand the nested structure of directories and files. What is the tree Command? The tree command is a command-line utility that displays the directory structure of a file system in a tree-like format. It shows the hierarchical relationship between directories, sub-directories, and files using ASCII characters to create visual branches. The tree ...
Read MoreHow to Enable TLS 1.3 in Apache and Nginx?
Transport Layer Security (TLS) 1.3 is the latest version of the TLS protocol, offering enhanced security, faster handshakes, and improved performance compared to previous versions. With increasing cyber threats, enabling TLS 1.3 on web servers like Apache and Nginx is crucial for protecting sensitive data during transmission between servers and clients. TLS 1.3 provides several advantages including reduced latency, stronger encryption algorithms, and elimination of vulnerable legacy features. This article will guide you through the process of enabling TLS 1.3 on both Apache and Nginx web servers. Prerequisites Before enabling TLS 1.3, ensure that both your web ...
Read MoreWhat are process states?
A process is a program in execution that consists of more than just program code (text section). This concept works under all operating systems because every task performed by the operating system requires a process to execute. A process executes by changing its state over time. The state of a process is defined by the current activity and status of that process within the system. Types of Process States Each process may be in any one of the following five states − New − The process is being created and initialized by the operating system. ...
Read MoreIntroduction to Iptables
Iptables is a Linux-based firewall application that controls incoming and outgoing network traffic. It is a powerful tool that can be used to secure a server, limit access to specific applications or services, and mitigate the risk of malicious attacks. This article will provide an introduction to iptables, its purpose, and its basic usage. What is Iptables? Iptables is a firewall application that works with the Linux kernel's netfilter framework. It controls incoming and outgoing traffic and provides a mechanism to filter, block, or allow traffic based on various criteria, such as port number, IP address, protocol, and ...
Read MoreHow to Reverse a String using Unix Shell Programming?
Bash is a shell or command line interpreter that serves as a programming language for executing commands and scripts. It allows users of Unix-like systems and Windows (via Windows Subsystem for Linux) to control the operating system using text-based commands. In this article, we will solve the problem of reversing a string using Shell scripting. Given a string input, we need to print its reverse using Shell programming techniques. Input : str = "Hello" Output : "olleH" Explanation : Reverse order of string "Hello" is "olleH". Input : str = "yam" Output : "may" ...
Read MoreVolatile Storage vs Non-Volatile Storage
Volatile and Non-Volatile storage are the two fundamental forms of storage in any computer system. Understanding their differences is crucial for system design and data management. Volatile Storage This is a type of computer memory that retains data only while there is power and the data is lost when power is switched off. A prime example of volatile memory is RAM. It is a type of primary storage that allows the user to randomly access any part of the data regardless of its position in roughly the same time. This is not possible using other storage devices such ...
Read MoreBooting and Dual Booting of Operating System
When a computer or any other computing device is in the powerless state, its operating system remains stored in the secondary storage like Hard Disk or SSD. But, when the computer is started, the operating system must be present in the main memory or RAM of the system. When a computer system is started, there is a mechanism in the system which loads the operating system from the secondary storage into the main memory or RAM of the system. This is called Booting process of the system. There are two main scenarios depending on the number of operating ...
Read MoreHow to Join Multiple Lines Into One on Linux
When working with Linux or any command-line interface, you may come across situations where you need to combine multiple lines of text into a single line. This can be helpful for formatting or readability purposes, and it can also be necessary for certain scripting tasks. In this article, we will discuss several methods for joining multiple lines into one on Linux, including use of command-line tools like sed, awk, and paste. We will provide examples of each method to demonstrate how they can be used in different situations. Method 1: Using "tr" Command One of the simplest ...
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