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Introduction Ubuntu is a popular Linux operating system that gives users access to powerful tools for managing files, processes, and other system settings. One of the key features of Ubuntu is the ability to use "sudo" or "root" access to perform administrative tasks. This allows you to make changes to the system that would otherwise require special permissions. Sudo access is a type of temporary privilege escalation that allows a user to perform an action with administrative privileges. It requires the user's password before making any changes and is often used for one-time tasks like installing software. On the other ... Read More
Introduction Secure Shell (SSH) is a protocol that provides a secure channel over an unsecured network in Linux systems. It is commonly used for remote logins, file transfers, and executing commands on a remote machine securely. SSH is an essential tool for Linux system administrators, developers, and users who access their machines remotely. Checking Current SSH Port Before we can proceed to changing the SSH port, it is important to know the current port number being used. By default, the SSH service listens on port 22. However, this is a well-known port and is often targeted by attackers. Therefore, it ... Read More
Introduction Ethernet cards, also known as network interface cards (NICs), are hardware components that allow computers to connect to networks. These cards enable data transmission between devices by converting digital signals from a computer into electrical signals that can be sent over the network's physical medium, such as copper wires or fiber-optic cables. Ethernet cards are essential for accessing the internet, file sharing and printing in a local network. Understanding Ethtool Command Definition and Functionality Ethtool is a Linux command-line utility that allows users to query and change various network interface card (NIC) settings. It provides detailed information about the ... Read More
SystemD is a system and service manager for Linux operating systems. It manages the boot process, system services, and provides a centralized way to manage processes. One of the key features of SystemD is its use of runlevels (targets) to define the state of the system at startup. Runlevels (targets) are a set of services and processes that are started or stopped depending on the current state of the system. Understanding how to change runlevels (targets) is an important skill for any Linux administrator. Understanding Runlevels (Targets) In the traditional Unix system, runlevels were used to determine which set of ... Read More
Introduction As with any password, the root user password for a MySQL or MariaDB database should be changed regularly for security reasons. The root user has complete access and control over all databases and tables within the system, making it a prime target for any potential attacks. Regularly changing the root password can help prevent unauthorized access to your data, as well as provide an added layer of security against potential server breaches. Checking Current Root Password A root user is a powerful administrator account that has full access to the MySQL or MariaDB server. It is important to regularly ... Read More
Introduction Jenkins is an open-source automation server that helps developers build, test, and deploy their software. It is one of the most popular tools in the DevOps world due to its flexibility, ease of use, and extensive plugin ecosystem. When you install Jenkins, it uses a default port number (8080) to listen for incoming HTTP requests. However, sometimes this port can conflict with other applications on your system or may not be suitable for your environment's security needs. In such cases, changing the port number is necessary. Understanding Ports Before we dive into the steps of changing the port for ... Read More
Introduction In computer networking, a hostname is a label that is used to identify devices connected to a network. It is essentially a human-readable name assigned to a device, which can be used instead of its IP address. Hostnames are important because they make it easier for users on the network to access other devices by name rather than having to remember the IP addresses of each device. Hostnames are also crucial for network communication and resource sharing. When two devices communicate on a network, they typically use their hostnames to identify themselves rather than their IP addresses. This makes ... Read More
Introduction In today's world, security is one of the top priorities for any organization. The consequences of a security breach can be catastrophic, leading to loss of critical data, financial losses, and reputational damage. One way to ensure that your Windows Server environment stays secure is by maintaining strong passwords for your administrator accounts. As the administrator account has elevated privileges and access to sensitive data and systems in the network, it's crucial to secure it with a strong password that can't be easily guessed or cracked by attackers. A weak password is akin to leaving the front door open ... Read More
Introduction Nginx is a popular open-source web server that is known for its speed, reliability, and scalability. The default port for Nginx is 80, which allows web traffic to flow in and out of the server. While this port works well in most cases, it can also make the server vulnerable to cyber attacks since it is a well-known port that hackers target. Checking Current Nginx Configuration Step-by-Step Guide on How to Check Current Nginx Configuration Before changing the Nginx port, it is important to ensure that the current configuration is correct. To check the current Nginx configuration, follow these ... Read More
Introduction Kernel runtime parameters are settings that control the behavior of the Linux kernel on your system. These parameters can affect a wide range of system functions, such as memory allocation, network performance, and CPU scheduling. Understanding how to change these parameters is crucial for optimizing system performance and troubleshooting issues that may arise. There are two main ways to change kernel runtime parameters: non-persistent changes and persistent changes. Non-persistent changes modify the kernel's behavior temporarily, lasting only until you reboot your system. Persistent changes, on the other hand, modify the kernel's behavior permanently and persist across reboots. Changing Kernel ... Read More