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Let us first create a table −mysql> create table DemoTable623 (FirstName varchar(100), LastName varchar(100), Age int); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.76 sec)Insert some records in the table using insert command −mysql> insert into DemoTable623 values('John', 'Smith', 23); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.66 sec) mysql> insert into DemoTable623 values('Adam', 'smith', 23); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.26 sec) mysql> insert into DemoTable623 values('Chris', 'Brown', 24); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.11 sec) mysql> insert into DemoTable623 values('Robert', 'brown', 21); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.22 sec)Display all records from the table using select statement −mysql> select *from DemoTable623;This will ... Read More
Distance between Two VerticesIt is number of edges in a shortest path between Vertex U and Vertex V. If there are multiple paths connecting two vertices, then the shortest path is considered as the distance between the two vertices.Notation − d(U, V)There can be any number of paths present from one vertex to other. Among those, you need to choose only the shortest one.ExampleTake a look at the following graph −Here, the distance from vertex 'd' to vertex 'e' or simply 'de' is 1 as there is one edge between them. There are many paths from vertex 'd' to vertex ... Read More
Let us first create a table −mysql> create table DemoTable622 (Id int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, Value1 int, Value2 int); Query OK, 0 rows affected (1.08 sec)Insert some records in the table using insert command −mysql> insert into DemoTable622(Value1, Value2) values(1000, 1000); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.23 sec) mysql> insert into DemoTable622(Value1, Value2) values(2000, 3000); Query OK, 1 row affected (1.04 sec)Display all records from the table using select statement −mysql> select *from DemoTable622;This will produce the following output −+----+--------+--------+ | Id | Value1 | Value2 | +----+--------+--------+ | 1 | 1000 | 1000 ... Read More
Let us first create a table −mysql> create table DemoTable621 (UserName varchar(100), UserEmailId varchar(100), UserLastPost datetime); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.59 sec)Insert some records in the table using insert command −mysql> insert into DemoTable621 values('John', 'John@gmail.com', '2019-04-10 11:01:10'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.47 sec) mysql> insert into DemoTable621 values('John', 'John@gmail.com', '2019-07-14 13:07:10'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.15 sec)Display all records from the table using select statement −mysql> select *from DemoTable621;This will produce the following output −+----------+----------------+---------------------+ | UserName | UserEmailId | UserLastPost | +----------+----------------+---------------------+ | John | ... Read More
Whether it is possible to traverse a graph from one vertex to another is determined by how a graph is connected. Connectivity is a basic concept in Graph Theory. Connectivity defines whether a graph is connected or disconnected. It has subtopics based on edge and vertex, known as edge connectivity and vertex connectivity. Let us discuss them in detail.ConnectivityA graph is said to be connected if there is a path between every pair of vertex. From every vertex to any other vertex, there should be some path to traverse. That is called the connectivity of a graph. A graph with ... Read More
Connected GraphA graph is connected if any two vertices of the graph are connected by a path.Vertex 1Vertex 2PATHaba baca b c, a cada b c d, a c dbcb a c , b ccdc dDisconnected GraphA graph is disconnected if at least two vertices of the graph are not connected by a path. If a graph G is disconnected, then every maximal connected subgraph of G is called a connected component of the graph G.Vertex 1Vertex 2PATHaba bacNot AvailableadNot AvailablebcNot Availablecdc d
Trees are graphs that do not contain even a single cycle. They represent hierarchical structure in a graphical form. Trees belong to the simplest class of graphs. Despite their simplicity, they have a rich structure.Trees provide a range of useful applications as simple as a family tree to as complex as trees in data structures of computer science.TreeA connected acyclic graph is called a tree. In other words, a connected graph with no cycles is called a tree.The edges of a tree are known as branches. Elements of trees are called their nodes. The nodes without child nodes are called ... Read More
Two functions f: A → B and g: B → C can be composed to give a composition g o f. This is a function from A to C defined by (g o f)(x) = g(f(x))ExampleLet f(x) = x + 2 and g(x) = 2x + 1, find (f o g)(x) and (g o f)(x).Solution(f o g)(x) = f(g(x)) = f(2x + 1) = 2x + 1 + 2 = 2x + 3(g o f)(x) = g (f(x)) = g(x + 2) = 2 (x+2) + 1 = 2x + 5Hence, (f o g)(x) ≠ (g o f)(x)Some Facts about ... Read More
Let’s say we installed MySQL version is 8.0 on our Windows OS. The bin directory is present at the following location −C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 8.0\binLet us check the location. The screenshot is as follows −These are the drives −Go to C: drive and click Program Files −Now, click “MySQL” and open the folder −After that, click the current MySQL version folder. For us, it is MySQL Server 8.0 −Inside the folder, you can easily locate the bin folder as shown in the following screenshot −
The rules of mathematical logic specify methods of reasoning mathematical statements. Greek philosopher, Aristotle, was the pioneer of logical reasoning. Logical reasoning provides the theoretical base for many areas of mathematics and consequently computer science. It has many practical applications in computer science like design of computing machines, artificial intelligence, definition of data structures for programming languages etc.Major CategoriesMathematical logics can be broadly categorized into three categories.Propositional Logic − Propositional Logic is concerned with statements to which the truth values, "true" and "false", can be assigned. The purpose is to analyse these statements either individually or in a composite manner.Predicate ... Read More