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A sorted and rotated array is an array that is sorted in ascending or descending order and then rotated either left or right by a specific number of elements. There should exist exactly one pivot point around which the array is rotated. Example Here is an example of counting elements less than or equal to a given value in the sorted and rotated array: Case 1 The given array is: 30 40 50 10 20 Given value = 25 Output Count: 2 (10, 20) Case 2 The given array is: 10 20 30 40 ... Read More
Truncating a dictionary in Python means limiting it to a fixed number of key-value pairs. From version Python 3.7 onwards, the dictionaries store the values based on the insertion order, which makes it easy to slice and rebuild a smaller dictionary using the first N items. This is helpful when we want to reduce data size or process only a portion of the dictionary. In this article, we are going to explore the different methods to truncate a Python dictionary at a given length. Using itertools.islice() Method The itertools.islice() method in Python is used to truncate a dictionary by slicing ... Read More
In this article, we have a sorted array of integers. Our task is to find the count of elements of the given sorted array that are less than or equal to the given value K. Example Here are some examples of counting the array elements smaller than the given target element: Input: arr = {6, 12, 16, 23, 32, 45, 48, 50} target = 40 Output: 5 Input: arr = {6, 12, 15, 20, 32, 45, 48, 50} target = 20 Output: 4 Counting of smaller or equal elements in the sorted arrayHere is a list ... Read More
In this problem, we are given an array arr[] consisting of N sorted integer values and an integer k. Our task is to Find the number of elements greater than k in a sorted array. Example Here are some examples of counting the array elements greater than the given target element: Input: arr = {6, 12, 16, 23, 32, 45, 48, 50} target = 20 Output: 5 Input: arr = {6, 12, 15, 20, 32, 45, 48, 50} target = 20 Output: 4 Finding number of elements greater than k in a sorted arrayHere is a list of ... Read More
A Nested dictionary is a dictionary inside another dictionary. In Python, we have the function len() to count elements in a Nested Dictionary. With that, we can also use a function that recursively calls and calculates the elements in an arbitrary depth of the nested dictionary. Non-Recursive Count in Nested Dictionary A non-recursive count in a nested dictionary means counting only the keys at the top level, without going into any nested dictionaries inside it. Here is an example of counting the elements in a nested python dictionary- # Define a nested dictionary nested_dict = { ... Read More
In Python, there is no fixed maximum file size that we can open. Python can open files of any size as long as the operating system and file system support until there is enough memory and disk space available. The limit of maximum file size comes with the system architecture, i.e., 32-bit, 64-bit, the file system, such as FAT32, NTFS, ext4, and how the file is processed in the code. System and File System Limits Following are the system and file system limits - FAT32 – Maximum file size: 4 GB NTFS (Windows) – Supports ... Read More
C++ fdim() Function The fdim() function returns the positive difference between two floating-point values. For example, if we have two arguments, a and b, respectively, then it will return a-b if a > b, else it will return 0. This function is defined under or header files and supports float, double, and long double overloads. Syntax Here is the following syntax for fdim() function in C++. In the following syntax, data_type defines the type of data it will take as input and return. data_type fdim(data_type value_1, data_type value_2); Parameters This method accepts two parameters of floating type (i.e., can ... Read More
In Python, a Tuple is an ordered and immutable collection of elements, and tuples are created using parentheses. In this article, we are going to explore all the different ways to use a tuple within a tuple. Tuple within a Tuple in Python A tuple can contain elements of any data type, such as another tuple. When one tuple is placed inside another tuple, it is called a nested tuple or a tuple within a tuple. Following is the syntax of creating a Tuple in Python - outer_tuple = (value1, value2, (nested_value1, nested_value2), value3) Note: We can access ... Read More
Character literals are those values, which are assigned to the variable of character data type. It is written as a single character enclosed in single quotes (' ') like 'A', 'b' or '2'. But if we see how these character literals are stored in memory, their type differs. In C the character literals are stored as type int, whereas the same character literal is stored as type char in C++. In this article, we will study about the differences between these two in detail. Type of character literal in C The type of character literals in C language is an integer ... Read More
In Python, string comparisons are case-sensitive by default. For example, when we consider the strings "Hello" and "hello" then they are considered as two different strings because of the difference in their letter casing. Case-insensitive String Comparison in Python In some tasks, such as searching user input, comparing filenames, or processing natural language, it's important to compare strings without considering case differences. To perform string comparison in Python, we have several built-in methods such as lower(), upper(), and casefold(), which help us to normalize the casing of strings before comparing them. ... Read More