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In C/C++, char represents a single character, whereas int is an integer that can store both positive and negative values, but not fractional or decimal values. If you are given a character and want to convert it into an integer, it is easy and can be achieved with the different approaches. In this article, we will learn how we can convert a given character to an integer with different approaches. The following are some of the ways to convert a character to an integer: Using sscanf() Function Using atoi() Function ... Read More
A histogram is a visual representation of the distribution of quantitively data. You are given a histogram represented by an array arr [], Where each of the array's elements represents the height of the bar in the histogram. All the bars have unit width, i.e., 1 unit. Your task is to determine the largest rectangle area possible in a given histogram, where the largest rectangle is made up of several consecutive bars with heights displayed in an array. Input / Output Scenario Let's understand the below input-output scenario with a diagram: Input: arr[] = [40, 10, 20, 50, 60, 30] ... Read More
To remove an item from a C++ STL vectors by value, you can use the std::remove inside the argument of erase method of the vector. There are some other methods as well. In this article, we will learn all the approaches to remove an item from a C++ STL vector. The easiest way to remove an item from a vector is to use the std::remove algorithm inside the erase method of the vector. For example: vector v = {1, 2, 2, 3, 2, 5}; // Remove all occurrences of 2 v.erase(remove(v.begin(), v.end(), 2), v.end()); Remove an ... Read More
Booth's algorithm is a multiplication algorithm that multiplies two signed binary numbers in 2's complement notation. Booth used desk calculators that were faster at shifting than adding and created the algorithm to increase their speed. In this article, we have an array of multiplicand bits and an array of multiplier bits. Our task is to use Booth's algorithm to find the multiplication of these two binary numbers. Example of Booth's Algorithm In this example, we have used Booth's algorithm to calculate the multiplication of two signed binary numbers mathematically. Input: Multiplier(M): 01011 = 11 Multiplicand(Q): 01110 = 14 ... Read More
Python provides different ways to find the execution time taken by a script or specific parts of the code such as using the functions from the time module, like time.time() or time.clock(). The following are some common methods used to measure execution time in Python: Using time.time() Function Using time.process_time() Function Using timeit Module Getting Program Execution Time Using time.time() Function The time.time() function returns the current time as a floating-point number that indicates the seconds elapsed since the epoch (when time began). To calculate the execution time ... Read More
Python provides various modules, such as time, datetime, and timeit, to measure time with high accuracy. These modules offer high-resolution clocks to measure time intervals. The following are several methods used to measure time with high precision in Python. Using time.time() Method Using time.perf_counter() Function Using timeit.default_timer() Using time.time() Method for Simple Timing The time.time() method returns the current time in seconds since the epoch as a floating-point number. The epoch is system-dependent, but on Unix-like systems, it is typically January 1, 1970, 00:00:00 (UTC). ... Read More
We can use the PyMongo library (the official Mongodb driver for Python) to connect to a Mongodb database and use it to insert, update, delete, etc objects. To include date and time information, Mongodb supports ISODate format, and PyMongo provides direct support for Python's datetime.datetime objects. There are multiple ways to prepare a Python date object for insertion into MongoDB, which we will discuss here: Create and Insert Date Object to MongoDB Using datetime.datetime.utcnow() The simplest way to create a Python date object that can be inserted into MongoDB is by using datetime.datetime.utcnow() from the datetime module. You can use ... Read More
In every C/C++ program, execution starts from the main() function. Defining multiple main() functions will result in a compilation error. Can main() be Overloaded in C++? No, we cannot overload the main() function in C++ because main() serves as the entry point of any C++ program and must follow a predefined prototype. While C++ does support function overloading (i.e., multiple functions with the same name but different parameters), this does not apply to the main() function. If you try to create multiple main() functions will result in a compilation error due to invalid overloading. The following are the only two ... Read More
Boolean Literals In C++, Boolean literals are the values, which are assigned to variables of the Boolean data type. A Boolean literal represents two values: true or false, which are internally represented as 1 and 0 respectively. A Boolean literal occupies 1 byte (8 bits) of memory and is used for conditions, flags and logical checks. Declaring Boolean Variables You can declare the boolean variables and assign the boolean literals to them by the given following. In this variable1 and variable2 is assigned with boolean literals true and false respectively in C++. bool variable1 = true; bool variable2 = false; ... Read More
Dynamic arrays are a type of array that can change their size when new elements are added or removed. They are created using pointers and memory management operators like new and delete. In this article, we will learn how to create and use a dynamic array in C++. What is Dynamic Array? A dynamic array is an array that can change its size during runtime. This is different from a static arrays, which have a fixed size determined by the programmer at compile time. Dynamic arrays are used when the size of the array is not known at compile ... Read More