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In this problem, we are given two trees. Our task is to write a code to check whether the two trees are identical or not.Two trees are said to be identical if elements of the arrays have the same value and orientation.ExampleAs both of the trees have the same values and position of elements both trees are identical.To check if two trees are identical, we will go from node node to each node of the and check for their equality step by step and if at any point to nodes are not equal return -1, denoting the tree are not ... Read More
In competitive programming, the most important thing is an effective code. Optimized and faster code is important and can make a difference in the ranks of the programmer.To write an effective c/c++ code in competitive programming, here are some effective tools for writing c/c++ code efficiently, First, let’s recall some basic terms, Template is writing code that does not depend on a particular type.Macro is a named code fragment.Vectors are like automatically resizable dynamic arrays that update size with insertion and deletion of the element.Now, let’s see some basic updates in code that can make in increasing efficiency of code, ... Read More
atoi() function in c programming language is used to handle string to integer conversion. The function takes a string as an input and returns the value in integer type.Syntaxint atoi(const char string)Parameters Accepted − The atio() function accepted a string as an input which will be converted into integer equivalent.Return type − the function returns an integer value. The value will be the integer equivalent for a valid string otherwise 0 will be returned.Implementation of atoi() function −We take each character of the string and make the integer by adding the number to the previous result multiplied by 10.For negative ... Read More
memcpy() function is an inbuilt function that is used to copy data from source location to destination location.Prototype of memcpy function −void * memcpy(void *destination_location, void *source_location, size_t size)We will character by character copy data from source to destination.Program to show the implementation of the solution,Example Live Demo#include #include void MemcpyFunc(void *dest, void *src, size_t n){ char *dataS = (char *)src; char *dataD = (char *)dest; for (int i=0; i
A program that can interact with the operating system irrespective of the OS on which it runs.Most of the compilers of c/c++ have the power to define macros that detect OS.Some Macros of GCC compiler are −_WIN32: macros for 32 bit and 64-bit Windows OS._WIN64: macros for 64-bit Windows OS._UNIX: macros for UNIX OS._APPLE_: macros for macOS.Based on these macros defined, let’s create a program that will work irrespective of the OS −Example Live Demo#include using namespace std; int main() { #ifdef _WIN32 system("dir"); #else system("ls"); #endif ... Read More
In this problem, we are given a N x N matrix and some queries, each query contains the top-left and bottom-right corner of the submatrix created from this matrix. Our task is to find the XOR of all elements of the submatrix defined by the querries.Let’s take an example to understand the problem, Inputarr[][] = {{1, 2, 3} {4, 5, 6} {7, 8, 9}} Querries: {0, 0, 1, 2} , {1, 2, 2, 2}Output1 15Explainationquerry 1 : 1^2^3^4^5^6 querry 2 : 6^9To solve this problem, we will find a prefix-XOR matrix to solve queries. The value of the matrix at ... Read More
In c++ programming language, there are keywords that can be used in place of logical operators. The keywords are initially used in c when the keyboards didn’t support symbols like &&, !, ||, etc. Now, here are some written version of logical operators in c++.Operators and their written versions are −OperatorSymbolsWritten versionAnd operator&&andOr operator||orNot operator!notNot equal to operator!=not_eqBitwise and operator&bitandBitwise or operator|bitorBitwise XOR operator^And equal to operator&=and_eqOr equal to operator|=or_eqXOR equal to operator^=Program to show the implementation of our programExample Live Demo#include using namespace std; int main(){ int x=1, y=0; coutRead More
In this problem, we are given an array of n elements and an integer value k. Our task is to find XOR of all elements of the array that have set bits equal to k.Let’s take an example to understand the problem, Inputarray = {2, 12, 44, 103, 17} , K =3Output44To solve this problem, we will count set bit of every element of the array and compare it with k. If the number of set bits is equal to k, then we will push it to a vector and find XOR of all elements of the vector.For finding the ... Read More
You can pass the parameters in the PowerShell function and to catch those parameters, you need to use the arguments. Generally, when you use variables outside the function, you really don’t need to pass the argument because the variable is itself a Public and can be accessible inside the function. But in some cases we need to pass the parameters to the function and below is the example explains how you can write the code for it.The single parameter passed in function, function writeName($str){ Write-Output "Hi! there .. $str" } $name = Read-Host "Enter Name" writeName($name)Here, we are passing ... Read More
Generally, when the variable is declared as a Public variable or outside the function in the script (not in any other variable or condition), you don’t need to pass that value to function because the function retains the value of the variable when the variable is initialized before the function is called.Examplefunction PrintOut{ Write-Output "your Name is : $name" } $name = Read-Host "Enter your Name" PrintOutIn the above example, $name variable is declared outside the function called PrintOut. So as the variable can be read inside the function, you can directly use the variable by its name.OutputEnter your ... Read More