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The IEEE 802.16 is a set of standards defining the specifications for wireless broadband technology. It has been commercialized as Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) that is responsible for the delivery of last-mile wireless broadband access. It lays down the standards for both physical layer as well as medium access control (MAC) layer for WiMAX.The IEEE 802.16 MAC sublayer is a part of the data link layer. The data link layer of WiMAX is divided into three sublayers as follows −Security sublayer − This is the bottommost layer and is concerned with the security and privacy of the wireless ... Read More
The IEEE 802.16 set of standards lays down the specifications for wireless broadband technology. It has been commercialized as Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) that is responsible for the delivery of last-mile wireless broadband access.The IEEE 802.16 MAC sublayer is the most important sublayer and concerned with channel management. It has been designed for connection-oriented channel management for point-to-multipoint (PMP) broadband services.The frame format of a generic MAC frame is shown below −The fields are −EC − A single-bit field indicating whether the payload is encrypted.Type − A 6-bit field identifying frame type.CI − A single-bit field denoting the ... Read More
A piconet is a small Bluetooth network that connects mobile devices wirelessly over a short range of 10m radius, using ultra-high frequency (UHF) radio waves, to form a personal area network (PAN).A piconet can be formed by at most 8 stations, one of which is the master node and the rest slave nodes. Thus, it can accommodate a maximum of 7 slaves. The master node is the primary station that manages the small network. The slave stations are secondary stations that are synchronized with the primary station.Communication can take place between a master node and a slave node in either ... Read More
A scatternet is a type of Bluetooth network that is formed by the interconnection between two or more individual Bluetooth networks, called piconets. The devices in the scattered should be Bluetooth enabled so that they can communicate wirelessly over a short range of within 10m radius using ultra-high frequency (UHF) radio waves.In a scatternet, there must be at least two piconets. The nodes in a scatternet may be of three types −Master Node − It is the primary station in each piconet that controls the communication within that piconet.Slave Node − A slave is a secondary station in a piconet ... Read More
JShell is an interactive tool in Java 9 that allows user inputs, evaluates it, and prints output to the user.Unlike a value type, a reference type doesn't store its value directly. Instead, it will store the address where a value is stored. It means that a reference type contains a pointer to another memory location that holds the data. The reference types are String, arrays, class, and delegates.In the below code snippet, when we create a new instance of Animal, it can be created on the heap memory. The new Animal() creates an object on the Heap. Animal@73846619, the object is ... Read More
The jdeprscan tool can be used for static analysis of classes, archives, and folders for the presence of API elements marked as deprecated. This tool only detects items marked as deprecated in Java SE, and it doesn't detect marked items in other libraries. All classes on which the examined class or set of classes depends must be available when compiling or running a class. In the absence of a dependent class, this tool provides a list of unavailable classes preceded by the error: cannot find a class.Below is the syntax for the jdeprscan tool.Syntaxjdeprscan [options] {dir | jar | class}The "jdeprscan" command can be supported by "jmods\jdk.jdeps.jmod" ... Read More
JShell is a command-line tool used to evaluate simple statements, expressions, classes, methods, variables, etc.. and prints the output immediately to the user.An array in Java is also an object. We need to declare an array and then created. In order to declare a variable that holds an array of integers, we can mention like int[] array. In an array, the index starts from 0 to (length of array - 1).In the below code snippet, we can use an index to find the specific element from the array. It will be done by using an indexing operator: []. The expression marks[0] maps ... Read More
Each primitive type in Java has a corresponding built-in wrapper class, and these wrapper classes are also immutable. Integer, Float, Double, Byte, and etc.. are some of the built-in wrapper classes. The main incentive of using such wrappers in our code is accessing type information about the corresponding primitive type, Auto-Boxing feature, where a primitive data is automatically promoted to an object reference type, and moving primitive type data around data structures.We can create an instance of Wrapper Classes by using a new operator, and also use the valueOf() method within types such as Integer to create a wrapper object. ... Read More
In this tutorial, we are going to learn how to calculate Wind Chill Index in Python. We have the formula to calculate the WCI and it's straightforward. We are going to use the following formula to calculate the WCI.Twc(WCI) = 13.12 + 0.6215Ta – 11.37v+0.16 + 0.3965Tav+0.16whereTwc = Wind Chill Index (Based on Celsius temperature scale)Ta = Air Temperature (in degree Celsius)v = Wind Speed (in miles per hour)We are going to use the math module function wherever we need them. Using the math module function decreases the execution time of a program.Follow the below steps to complete the program.Import the math moduleInitialize the ... Read More
In this tutorial, we are going to explore different methods to find whether a given number is valid or not. Let's start without further due.Method-1It's a general method to find prime numbers.If the number is less than or equal to one, return False.If the number is divisible by any number, then the function will return False.After the loop, return True.Example Live Demo# checking for prime def is_prime(n): if n