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The 8251 chip is Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (USART). It acts as a mediator between the microprocessor and peripheral devices. It converts serial data to parallel form and vice versa. This chip is 28 pin DIP.The pin description of 8251A chipPinDescriptionD0 - D7parallel dataC/DControl register or Data buffer selectRDRead ControlWRWrite controlCSChip SelectCLKclock pulseRESETResetTxCTransmitter ClockTxDtransmitted dataRxCReceiver ClockRxDReceiver DataRxRDYReceiver ReadyTxRDYTransmitter ReadyDSRData Set ReadyDTRData Terminal ReadySYNDET/Synchronous Detect/BRKDETDetectBreakRTSRequest to send DataCTSClear to send DataTxEMPTYTransmitter EmptyVccVcc (5V)GNDGround(0V)Now let us see the functional block diagram of the 8251 chip.There are five different sections in this diagram. These sections are as follows −Read/ Write control logicTransmitter ReceiverData Bus ... Read More
To create a light speed in effect with CSS, you can try to run the following code:ExampleLive Demo .animated { background-image: url(/css/images/logo.png); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: left top; padding-top:95px; margin-bottom:60px; -webkit-animation-duration: 1s; animation-duration: 1s; -webkit-animation-fill-mode: both; animation-fill-mode: ... Read More
To create hinge animation effect with CSS, you can try to run the following code:ExampleLive Demo .animated { background-image: url(/css/images/logo.png); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: left top; padding-top:95px; margin-bottom:60px; -webkit-animation-duration: 1s; animation-duration: 1s; -webkit-animation-fill-mode: both; animation-fill-mode: both; ... Read More
The Happiness Planner / Journal is a planner designed to help you make a habit of listing down the events of our life which give us happiness. It can help us in embracing the power of positive thinking, gratitude, and thanking for the positive events of your life. The Happiness journal helps us to increase positive attitude towards life and fills us with self-awareness and feeling contended from within.A happiness journal is a record of the things that make you happy every day, it is like a list of things that made you happy today or yesterday or day before ... Read More
Convolutional CodesConvolutional codes are error correcting codes where the data streams of indefinite lengths are encoded before transmission over noisy channels. The message streams are encoded by the sliding application of Boolean functions that generate a sequence of output bits.Convolutional codes were first introduced in 1955, by Elias. After that, there were many interim researches by many mathematicians. In 1973, Viterbi developed an algorithm for maximum likelihood decoding scheme, called Viterbi scheme that lead to modern convolutional codes.Parameters in Convolutional CodesFor generating a convolutional code, the information is passed sequentially through a linear finite-state shift register. The shift register comprises ... Read More
A challenging task in error correction is decoding the codewords that have been received via noisy channels. Before data is transmitted, the sender adds redundant bits or parity bits to the message forming codewords. The codewords are then transmitted via computer networks. The receiver checks the incoming codewords and performs the decoding or error correction process to retrieve the original data.If there are no errors, i.e. the codewords find an exact matching, then it is easy to decode the data by eliminating the parity bits. However, if a match is not found, then more complex decoding mechanisms are adopted.The two ... Read More
Low - density parity check (LDPC) code is a linear error-correcting block code, suitable for error correction in large block sizes transmitted via very noisy channels.LDPC was developed by Robert G. Gallager, in his doctoral dissertation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1960. So, these codes are also known as Gallager codes.Encoding by Low-Density Parity Check CodesA low - density parity check (LFPC) code is specified by a parity-check matrix containing mostly 0s and a low density of 1s. The rows of the matrix represent the equations and the columns represent the bits in the codeword, i.e. code symbols.A ... Read More
Chroma Filter is used to making any particular color transparent and usually, it is used with images. You can use it with scrollbars also.ExampleImplementing the CSS Chroma Filter −Live Demo Text Example: CSS Tutorials
This property specifies a sound to be played as a background while an element's content is spoken. Possible values could be any of the followings −URI − The sound designated by this is played as a background while the element's content is spoken.mix − When present, this keyword means that the sound inherited from the parent element's play-during property continues to play and the sound designated by the uri is mixed with it. If the mix is not specified, the element's background sound replaces the parent's.repeat − When present, this keyword means that the sound will repeat if it ... Read More
The flip effect is used to create a mirror image of the object. The following parameters can be used in this filterS.NoParameter & Description1FlipHCreates a horizontal mirror image2FlipVCreates a vertical mirror imageExampleTo set flip effectLive Demo Text Example: CSS Tutorials