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DIMM represents the "Dual In-Line Memory Module" and is a limited circuit board that manages memory chips. It needs a 64-bit bus to the memory, whereas a single in-line memory module (SIMM) only has a 32-bit path. This allows DIMMs to transfer more information at once.DIMM includes a sequence of memory known as dynamic random access memory (DRAM), which supports primary storage, the main memory that always reads and executes saved instructions or information directly to the CPU.DIMM is an attempt to enhance the previous single inline memory module (SIMM), which facilitates matched pairs. DIMM operates only one circuit board, ... Read More
CIFS stands for Common Internet File System. It is also known as Server Message Block (SMB). It is a network protocol whose most common use is sharing documents on a Local Area Network (LAN).The protocol allows users to manipulate files just as if they were on the local computer. Various operations such as read, write, create, delete, and rename are all supported. The only difference is that the files are not on the local computer and are actually on a small server.The CIFS protocol operates by sending packets from the user to the server. Each packet is a basic request ... Read More
HTTP represents "Hypertext Transfer Protocol." HTTP is the protocol that can transfer information over the network. It is the Internet protocol suite method and defines commands and functions used for sharing web page data.HTTP uses a server-client model. A client, for example, maybe a laptop or telephone device. The HTTP server is frequently a web host running web server software, such as Apache or IIS.HTTP also represents commands such as GET and POST, which are used to handle submissions on websites. The CONNECT command can act as a fast connection that is encrypted using a secure socket layer (SSL).HTTP is ... Read More
IMAP stands for Internet Message Access Protocol. It is a standard protocol for creating email on a small server from a local user. It is an application-layer Internet Protocol utilizing the basic transport layer protocols to create host-to-host communication services for applications. This enables the use of a remote mail server. The well-known port location for IMAP is 143.The IMAP architecture allows users to send and receive emails through a small server without support from a specific device. This type of email access is the goal for travelers receiving or answering emails from their home desktop or office system.This method ... Read More
The ICMP represents Internet Control Message Protocol. It is a network layer protocol. It can be used for error handling in the network layer, and it is generally used on network devices, including routers. IP Protocol is a best-effect delivery service that delivers a datagram from its original source to its final destination. It has two deficiencies−Lack of Error ControlLack of assistance mechanismsIP protocol also lacks a structure for host and management queries. A host needs to resolve if a router or another host is alive, and sometimes a network manager needs information from another host or router.ICMP has been ... Read More
The parallel transmission defines a transmission structure that shares multiple data bits at a similar time over separate media. In general, parallel transmission can be used with a wired channel that uses multiple, separate wires.The figure given below shows the concept and shows why engineers use the term parallel to characterize the wiring.The figure omits two important elements. First, in addition to the parallel wires that each hold data, a parallel interface generally includes other wires that enable the sender and receiver to coordinate. Second, to create installation and troubleshooting simply, the wires for a parallel transmission system are located ... Read More
Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP) is a network-specific standard protocol. It is described in RFC 903. Some network hosts, such as a diskless workstation, do not know their own IP address when they are booted. To determine their own IP address, they use a mechanism similar to ARP, but now the hardware address of the host is the known parameter, and the IP address is the queried parameter.The reverse address resolution is performed the same way as the ARP address resolution. The same packet format is used for the ARP.An exception is the operation code field that now takes the ... Read More
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a network-specific standard protocol. The Address Resolution Protocol is important for changing the higher-level protocol address (IP addresses) to physical network addresses. It is described in RFC 826.ARP relates an IP address with the physical address. On a typical physical network such as LAN, each device on a link is identified by a physical address, usually printed on the network interface card (NIC). A physical address can be changed easily when NIC on a particular machine fails.The IP Address cannot be changed. ARP can find the physical address of the node when its internet address ... Read More
Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) is a technology that transmits multiple signals simultaneously over a single transmission path, such as cable or wireless system. Each carrier is modulated by the data such as text, voice, video etc. Orthogonal FDM spread spectrum technique distributes the data over a large number of carriers that are spaced apart at precise frequencies. This spacing provides the “orthogonality.” This technique, which avoids the demodulators from seeing frequencies other than their own.The basic approach of OFDM is shown in the figure below −The benefit of OFDM is high spectral efficiency, resiliency due to RF interference and lower ... Read More
Bluetooth is a proprietary open wireless technology measure for exchanging information over short areas (using short-wavelength radio channels in the ISM band from 2400-2480 MHz) from permanent and mobile devices.It can be creating personal area networks (PANs) with high levels of security. It was made by telecoms vendor Ericsson in 1994, and it was initially conceived as a wireless method to RS-232 data cables. It can connect multiple devices, overcoming issues of synchronization.Bluetooth is handled by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group, which has more than 14, 000 member companies in telecommunication, computing, networking, and used electronics. Bluetooth is a free ... Read More