Data Structure
Networking
RDBMS
Operating System
Java
MS Excel
iOS
HTML
CSS
Android
Python
C Programming
C++
C#
MongoDB
MySQL
Javascript
PHP
The alternative to parallel transmission, called serial transmission, sends one bit at a time. With the importance of speed, it may seem that anyone designing a data communications system would choose parallel transmission. However, most communication systems use serial mode.Following are the two main reasons for serial transmission−First, serial networks can be continued over long distances at much less cost because fewer physical wires are required, and intermediate electronic elements are less cheap.Second, using only one physical wire defines that there are never timing issues caused by one wire being slightly higher than another (a difference of millimetres can be ... Read More
FDDI stands for Fiber Distributed Data Interface. It is a collection of ANSI and ISO standards for data transmission on fiber-optic lines in a local area network (LAN) that can broaden in the range up to 200 km (124 miles). The FDDI protocol depends on the token ring protocol.FDDI cabling consists of two fiber rings, one transmitting clockwise and the other transmitting counterclockwise. Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) is generally implemented as a dual token-passing ring within a ring topology (for campus networks) or star topology (inside a building). The dual ring includes a primary and secondary ring.The primary ring ... Read More
The error-reporting message defines that the router encounters a problem when it processes an IP packet, then it reports a message. Error messages are continually transmitted to the original source because the only data possible in the datagram around the route is the source and destination IP addresses.The error reporting messages are generally classified into the following types−When a router cannot route a datagram, or a host cannot transfer a datagram, the datagram is rejected, and the router or the host share a destination-unreachable message back to the source host that proposed the datagram.Destination unreachable messages with codes 2 or ... Read More
IEEE 802.3 StandardThe IEEE 802.3 standard is popularly called as Ethernet or CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detect). Ethernet is a LAN architecture developed by XEROX and extended by DEC, IC and Xerox. It is specified by IEEE 802.3, and it defines two categories such as Baseband and Broadband.Standard Ethernet network facilitates CSMA/CD. When a station needs to send, it listens to the wire. If the wire is busy, the station waits just before it goes idle, otherwise, it sends directly.If two or more stations together begin sending on an idle cable, they will collide. All colliding stations then remove ... Read More
Microsoft released this version in February 2000. It is the desktop operating system for X86 Architecture. Its versions are Windows 2000 server, Windows 2000 Datacenter server.The minimum requirement for installation is a Pentium processor, 32MB main memory, 650 MB of free hard disk storage are needed. Microsoft had planned to develop an operating system version for the Alpha architecture. The plans were stopped after an announcement of Compaq.Windows 2000 units defined roughly the user-friendliness, plug & play and USB device support of Windows 98 and the safety and stability of the Windows NT family.The update to this new operating system ... Read More
GSMGSM stands for Global System for Mobile Communication. It is a digital mobile communication standard, which is used for transmitting and receiving data and voice signals over a network. It is also known as the second-generation standard for mobile networks or telecommunication, and it operates on a wedge spectrum.GSM needs the Subscribers Identity Module (SIM) card as its main component. This is therefore because each device in the network holds its own specific SIM card. Therefore the multiple subscribers of the GSM technology are prominent by SIM. Still, any time the user can change from one SIM card to another ... Read More
CDMA stands for Code Division Multiple Access. It is a channel access method which is used by several radio communication technologies. It is a digital cellular technology and an example of multiple access. It is generally used for mobile communication.Multiple access means that several transmitters can send information simultaneously over a single communication channel. In this system, different CDMA codes are assigned to different users, and the user can access the whole bandwidth for the entire duration. It optimizes the use of available bandwidth as it transmits over the entire frequency range and does not limit the user's frequency range.Thus, ... Read More
NASNAS stands for Network Attached Storage. It is storage devices that are linked to a network and provide file access services to computer systems. These devices generally include an engine that executes the file services and one or more devices on which data is stored. NAS uses file access protocols, including NFS or CIFS.NAS provides good access controls and security to support collaboration while also enabling someone who is not an IT professional to administer and manage access to the data via an on-board web server.It is created for those network systems, which can be processing thousands of operations per ... Read More
DASDAS stands for Direct-attached storage. It is computer storage that is connected to one computer and not accessible to another. The System of DAS is attached directly to the computer through the HBA (Host Bus Adapter).As compared to NAS devices, its device connects directly to the server without the network. The modern systems of this storage device include the integrated controllers of a disk array with advanced features.The system of DAS is connected directly to the computer by the HBA (Host Bus Adapter. As compared to NAS devices, its device connects directly to the server without the network. The current systems ... Read More
NASNAS stands for Network Attached Storage. It is storage devices that connect to a network and support file access services to computer systems. These devices generally include an engine that executes the file services and one or more devices on which data is stored. NAS uses file access protocols such as NFS or CIFS.NAS storage frequently has a lower startup cost because the current network can be used. This can be very engaging to small-to-medium size businesses. There are multiple protocols that can be used for file sending including NFS for UNIX clients and CIF for Windows clients. Most NAS ... Read More