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The design of the operating system should be defined by the goals and specifications which are affected by hardware and systems. Thus there would be user goals and system goals for an OS.User GoalsThe user goals or requirements should be as follows −The OS usage should be convenientShould be easy to use and easy to learnShould be safe and secure to use and information handling, and security should be robustShould be fast in response to the user requestsSystem GoalsThe system design requirements should be as follows −The OS should be easy to design, maintain and also to implement.Updates should be ... Read More
In this article, we will discuss how to remove elements between two zeros from a given string that contains only zero’s and one’s character. The final string should not contain any character ‘1’ surrounded by 0’s. For example −Input : string = “110010” Output : “11000” Explanation: 1 is found between two zeros at the 4th index. Input : string = “0010” Output : “000” Explanation : 1 is found between two zeros at the 2nd index.Approach to find The SolutionWe can apply a simple approach, i.e., traverse the string using a loop and check the previous and next ... Read More
System call provides an interface between user program and operating system. It is represented as follows −When the user wants to give an instruction to the OS then it will do it through system calls. Or a user program can access the kernel which is a part of the OS through system calls.It is a programmatic way in which a computer program requests a service from the kernel of the operating system.Program executes in two modes as follows −User mode − Cannot access any hardware resources, which perform only the user operations.Kernel mode − Can access hardware resources like RAM, ... Read More
The different system calls are as follows −System calls for Process managementSystem calls for File managementSystem calls for Directory managementLet us understand them one by one.System calls for Process managementA system is used to create a new process or a duplicate process called a fork. The duplicate process consists of all data in the file description and registers common. The original process is also called the parent process and the duplicate is called the child process.The fork call returns a value, which is zero in the child and equal to the child’s PID (Process Identifier) in the parent. The system ... Read More
In this article, we are given a number n, and we need to remove repeated digits in a given number.Input: x = 12224 Output: 124 Input: x = 124422 Output: 1242 Input: x = 11332 Output: 132In the given problem, we will go through all the digits and remove the repeating digits.Approach to find The SolutionIn the given approach, we will go through all the digits of n from right to left now. We go through digits of n by taking mod of n with 10 and then dividing n with 10. Now our current digit is n ... Read More
System call mechanism is one of the techniques by which a user program requests for services from the kernel. System calls always provide an interface to the services that are available by an operating system.Let us see the step by step explanation of system call mechanism as given below −Step 1 − A process that is running a user program in user mode wants to execute a read instruction a file and it has to execute a trap instruction to transfer control to the operating system.Step 2 − The read operation in system call has three parameters which are as ... Read More
We are provided an array, and we are tasked to remove the leading zeros from the given array and then print the array.Input : arr[] = {0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 3} Output : 1 2 3 Input : arr[] = {0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 2, 3} Output : 1 0 2 3We can make a new array that doesn’t contain the leading zeroes of the previous array in the given problem.Approach to find The SolutionIn this approach, we will go through the array and insert all the numbers but no leading zeros.Example#include using namespace std; ... Read More
We are provided with a singly linked list, and we are tasked to remove the last node from that list. In this problem, we are simply going to traverse through the given list and simply remove the last node.Approach to find The SolutionIn this approach, we go through the given list, and we keep track of the previous node and the current node. Now when our current node becomes the last node, we change previous -> next to NULL and delete the current node.Example#include using namespace std; struct Node { int data; struct Node* next; }; ... Read More
We'll go through the life cycle of a defect in this lesson to help you understand the many phases of a defect that a tester must deal with when working in a testing environment.On Defect Life Cycle, we've also included the most often requested interview questions. Understanding the life cycle of a flaw requires knowledge of the many phases of a fault. The primary goal of the testing activity is to see whether the product has any flaws or faults.Errors/mistakes/faults are all known as bugs/defects in real-world circumstances, thus we can say that the basic goal of testing is to ... Read More
Practically, exhaustive testing for each set of test data is not practicable owing to time and financial constraints, particularly when there is a vast pool of input combinations.We need a simple method or specific approaches for intelligently selecting test cases from a pool of test cases such that all test situations are covered.To do this, we employ two approaches: Equivalence Partitioning and Boundary Value Analysis testing procedures.Software testing, which may be done manually or automatically, is essential for a bug-free program. Manual testing is the most common way for evaluating the functioning of software applications, despite the fact that automated ... Read More