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To begin with, let us learn about the process.ProcessA process is a program in execution and it is more than a program code called a text section and this concept works under all the operating systems because all the tasks performed by the operating system needs a process to perform the task.A process also known as one type of activity and it is used in the computer for a particular purpose and a number of states involved in this concept.A process is one type of state and the state of a process is defined in part by the help of ... Read More
In this article, we need to reverse the links with the help of a singly linked list. Our task is to create a function that is capable of reversing the given singly linked list. For exampleInput: Following Linked list : 1->2->3->4->NULL Output: After processing of our function: 4->3->2->1->NULLApproach to find The SolutionThere are different approaches to reverse a linked list. Generally, a simple approach comes to our mind to traverse the list and reverse it while going through it.Simple ApproachWe will go through the linked list in this approach and try to reverse it while going through it.Example#include using ... Read More
Let us learn about the application programming interface.Application programming interfaceWe know that multiple devices and applications share data between them. Some devices include online reservations and some in booking systems.API (Application Programming Interface) is used to establish connectivity among devices and applications. However, it is an interface which takes the requests from the user and informs the system about what has to be done and returns the response back to the user.ExampleConsider an online travel agency having information about multiple airlines. The travel agency interacts with the airline’s API.The Application interface takes the requests from the customer to book seats ... Read More
Distributed Operating System is a type of model where applications are running on multiple computers linked by communications. It is an extension of the network operating system which supports higher levels of communication and integration of the machines on the network.Distributed OS runs on multiple CPUs but for an end-user, it is just an ordinary centralized operating system. It can share all resources like CPU, disk, network interface, nodes, computers, etc. from one site to another site, and it increases the data available on the entire system.All processors are connected by valid communication media such as high-speed buses and telephone ... Read More
The operating system can be broken into pieces that are smaller in size and this type of operating system is called MS-DOS, an UNIX OS and OS which is having greater control over the computer.When a layered structure is used then we can divide the OS into different layers and the OS is broken into a number of layers, the bottom layer is layer 0 and highest layer is layer N and a user interface connects all layers with each other.The different layers in a layered structure are as follows −Layer 0 deals with the allocation of processors, it always ... Read More
The four primary components of the Unix OS are as follows −Unix KernelThe Unix Kernel is called the core of OS because of its role in managing all the internal processes of the operating system, from booting the system from a zero state to managing processes and memory in a normal system state.The early architecture relied on a component model that later became known as a microkernel.Objects listed in /usr/src/[conf, dev, sys, h] are linked into the kernel through a build process, as desired. This kept the operating system lean by building into the kernel only those devices, services and ... Read More
In this article, we deal with a singly linked list, and the task is to reverse the list in groups of k. For example −Input: 1->2->3->4->5->6->7->8->NULL, K = 3 Output: 3->2->1->6->5->4->8->7->NULL Input: 1->2->3->4->5->6->7->8->NULL, K = 5 Output: 5->4->3->2->1->8For this problem, one approach that comes to mind is trailing the list and reversing the list when our sublist’s size reaches k and continues.Approach to find The SolutionIn this approach, we will generally traverse through the list and keep a counter to count the number of elements in our sub-list. When the counter reaches the count of k, we reverse that ... Read More
In an operating system different modules are involved and all these modules perform different tasks at different stages. Modules are the basic structure of an operating system.The modules are designed for performing a specific task and these services are dynamically implemented by all the operating systems and a number of modules are involved.ModulesThe different modules that are involved in operating system are as follows −Scheduling class.File system.Load system.Execute system.Stream class.Device and bus system.Miscellaneous system.These are represented in diagram format below −Modules improve Monolithic and Microkernel approachThe kernel modules are introduced to improve the experience of the user in such a ... Read More
In this problem, we are given a pointer to the head of a linked list and an integer k. In groups of size k, we need to reverse the linked list. For example −Input : 1 2 3 4 5 (doubly linked list), k = 3 Output : 3 2 1 5 4Approach to find The SolutionIn this problem, we are going to make a recursive algorithm to solve this problem. In this approach, we are going to use recursion and solve the problem using that.Example#include using namespace std; struct Node ... Read More
Kernel is the main part of an Operating System. It is the first program that is loaded after the boot loader whenever we start a system. The Kernel is present in the memory until the Operating System is shut-down.Kernel provides an interface between the user and the hardware components of the system. Whenever a process makes a request to the Kernel, then it is called System Call.Functions of KernelThe functions of the kernel are as follows −Process managementAccess computer resourcesDevice managementMemory managementInterrupt handlingI/O communicationTypes of KernelsThe different types of kernels are as follows −Monolithic kernel.Micro kernel.Hybrid kernel.Nano kernel.Exo kernelNow let ... Read More