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Articles on Trending Technologies
Technical articles with clear explanations and examples
C++ Program to Implement Adjacency List
An adjacency list of graph is a collection of unordered lists, that represents a finite graph data structure using linked lists. Each list in the collection represents one of the vertex of the graph and it will store the adjacent vertices of that vertex. In this article we will learn how to implement adjacency list for a graph using C++ program. First of all, let's see an example of adjacency list. Example of Adjacency List To understand what is an adjacency list is, first we need to take a graph data structure for reference. The image below represent a ...
Read MoreC++ Program to Implement Adjacency Matrix
The adjacency matrix of a graph is a square matrix of size V x V, that represent a finite graph data structure using a 2D array, where V is number of edges of the graph. The each non zero elements in the matrix represent an edges of the graph. For example, if the graph has some edges from i to j vertices, then in the adjacency matrix at i th row and j th column it will be 1 (or some non-zero value for weighted graph), otherwise that value will be 0. In this article, we will learn how to ...
Read MoreC++ Program to Perform Partition of an Integer in All Possible Ways
In this article, we have a positive integer 'n'. Our task is to generate all possible unique ways to represent 'n' as the sum of positive integers in C++. Each partition should give a sum equal to the given 'n'. Here is an example: Input: n = 4 Output: 4 3 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 Steps to Perform Unique Partition of Integer We start with the current partition i.e. with an initial value of n. Then we print the current partition. ...
Read MoreClearing input buffer in C/C++
In C/C++, an input buffer is a temporary storage area where the program processes the input. Suppose, you are an user and you type some characters using a keyboard but those characters are not passed to the program directly because it involves several layers of handling such as keyboard firmware, OS input queues, and event processing. So, they first proceed with the collection of an input buffer. Next, when the program is ready, it reads from the buffer. How Input Buffer Affects a Program? The input buffer affected to the program when we are using the functions like scanf() or ...
Read MoreC++ Program to Find Fibonacci Numbers using Matrix Exponentiation
The Fibonacci numbers, commonly denoted as F(n) forms a sequence, called the Fibonacci sequence. In Fibonacci series, each number is the sum of the two previous two numbers, starting from 0 and 1. It is represented as F(n) = F(n-1) + F(n-2). The matrix exponentiation method is used to calculate the powers of matrix efficiently with better time complexity. In this article, we provide a value of n. This n is the value up to which we want to find the Fibonacci numbers using the matrix exponentiation method in C++. Here is an example of the Fibonacci series up to ...
Read MoreCovariant return types in Java
In Java, covariant return types allow an overriding method to return a subtype of the supertype. Here, the return type of the parent class is called the supertype, and the return type of the child class is known as the subtype, if and only if it is a subclass of the parent class's return type. Sounds confusing, right? Well! It is not as confusing as it sounds. Read the whole article to understand this concept. Java Covariant Return Types Covariant return type refers to the return type of an overriding method. It works only for non-primitive return types, such as Classes, Arrays, ...
Read MoreDowncasting in Java
What is Downcasting? Typecasting an object of the parent class to an object of the child class is called Downcasting in Java. We need to tell the Java compiler to perform the conversion explicitly by creating an object of the child type using a reference of the parent type. It is the opposite of upcasting, where a subclass reference is converted into a superclass reference automatically by the compiler. Typecasting is a process in which one data type or object is converted into another. It works with primitive datatypes and reference types as well. In this article, we are going ...
Read MoreInterface enhancements in Java 8
Before the release of Java version 8, the interface consists of only abstract methods and variables that defines the behavior that a class could implement. While adding a new method to an interface, it required change in all the implementing classes. It was not convenient for a large application. To overcome this, Java 8 introduced default and static methods in interfaces. In Java, an Interface is a type of class that is defined using the keyword interface and has only method bodies without any implementations. To access its members within a class, we need to use the implements keyword while ...
Read MoreHow to compile & run a Java program using Command Prompt?
Command prompt is a command line interface that accepts text-based inputs or commands and performs tasks based on those command. Nowadays, there are various integrated development environments (IDEs) that are available to compile, build, and run Java programs within their environment. However, we can also compile and run Java programs using the Command Prompt. Compiling and Running Java Programs using CLI To compile and run Java programs outside the IDEs using the Command Prompt, we need to install the JDK and set its path in our system. To set up the development environment for Java on your local machine, we ...
Read MoreWhy do we get ClassNotFoundException when the class exists in Java?
Whenever we try to load a class, ClassNotFoundException occurs when the application tries to load a class at runtime using methods like Class.forName() or ClassLoader.loadClass(), but the JVM cannot locate the class in the classpath. The following are the reasons of ClassNotFoundException occurence and they are - Incorrect Class Name Incorrect Package Structure ...
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