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First, let us understand operating system debugging.Operating system debuggingDebugging is the process of binding and fixing the error, in an operating system both hardware and software problems can be fixed with the help of debugging.When there is a problem in the performance of the operating system the user needs to debug the operating system, so that the performance problem will be solved and remove all the error and fix the error for running smoothly.Debugging is the process where the user needs to analyse the failure and after seeing the failures they can check the performance and find out the error ... Read More
The hybrid system adopts a single strictly defined structure and they combine different structures resulting in the hybrid system. The hybrid system is generally used in mobile and laptops.Hybrid system is a type of system which is used for increasing the performance, security and other user services and it is very efficient in the operating system.Types of Hybrid SystemsThere are three types of hybrid systems used in the OS. They are mostly used in every device. These types are as follows −Mac OSThe mac OS generally uses a hybrid structure and it is a layered system, the Mac OS consists ... Read More
The user and operating system are connected with each other with the help of interface, so interface is used to connect the user and OS.In computers there are different types of interface that can be used for connection with computers to users and their connection is responsible for data transfer.Also, in computers there are different interfaces. These interfaces are not necessarily used but can be used in computers whenever it is needed. So, different types of tasks can be performed by the help of different interfaces.Command line interfaceThe command-line interface is an interface whenever the user needs to have different ... Read More
The major differences between block-oriented and character oriented devices are as follows −Block Oriented DeviceBlock devices are storage devices that can provide data operations in fixed-size blocks for both reading and writing.Hard drives, floppy disks, and optical drives, such as DVD-ROMs and CD-ROMs, are some examples of such machines.Usually, blocking devices read or write the entire block at a time. Most of the file schemes are also based on block computers.The benefit of block devices is that it provides fewer pins to access data; however, it includes the implementation of a buffering mechanism to speed up access during access to ... Read More
An operating system is an interface between the user and the machine which controls and coordinates the use of the hardware among the various application programs for the various users.The four types of operating system structures are −MS-DOS structureThis is the simplest of all the other structures. In this structure, both the system processes as well as the user processes are allowed to access the system hardware.Features of DOS −DOS is a 16-bit operating system.Here the input is typed with basic system commands.It allows 2 GB maximum.It is a free OS.DOS is usually called as single operating system.It does not ... Read More
Operating systems work as an interface between the user and the computer hardware. It is a software which performs the basic tasks like input, output, disk management, controlling peripherals etc.Windows, Linux etc. are some examples of operating systems.Tasks of Operating SystemsThese are some important tasks of the OS by which it manages the system hardware efficiently, which are as follows −Memory managementMemory management refers to the management of the primary memory each executing process resides in main memory. OS keeps track of memory, allocates memory between processes, and deallocates the memory when the process does not require the memory.Device managementOS ... Read More
Peterson's solution ensures mutual exclusion. It is implemented in user mode and no hardware support is required therefore it can be implemented on any platform. Now Peterson’s solution uses two variables: interest and Turn variable.Now we will first see Peterson solution algorithm and then see how any two processes P and Q get mutual exclusion using Peterson solution.#define N 2 #define TRUE 1 #define FALSE 0 int interested[N]=False int turn; void Entry_Section(int process) { int other; other=1-process interested[process]= TRUE ; turn = process; while(interested[other]==TRUE && Turn=process); } void exit_section(int process) { interested[process]=FALSE; }ExplanationThere will ... Read More
Whenever a process is accessing the shared variable then that process is said to be in the critical section. If no two processes are in the same critical section at same time then this technique is called mutual exclusion.ExampleMutual exclusion problem with assigned priority is shown below −Let us see the requirements of mutual exclusion and state which of them are met when interrupts are disabled.Whenever the interrupts are disabled, it effectively stops scheduling other processes. Whenever disabling interrupts, the CPU will be unable to switch processes and processes can use shared variables without another process accessing it.The most obvious ... Read More
A semaphore is a shared variable which is used to implement mutual exclusion between system processes. It is mainly helpful to solve critical section problems and is a technique to achieve process synchronization.There are two types of semaphores which are as follows −Binary semaphore − Can take only two values, 0 or 1 which means at a time only one process can enter into the critical section. Semaphore is initialized to 1.Counting semaphore − Can take any non-negative value N which means at a time at most N processes can enter into CS. Semaphore is initialized to N.The critical section ... Read More
The essential properties of the different types of operating systems are as follows −Batch Operating systemJobs with similar needs are batched together and run through the computer as a group by an operator or automatic job sequencer. Performance is increased by attempting to keep CPU and I/O devices busy at all times through buffering, off line operation, spooling and multiprogramming. Batch the large jobs that need little interaction, it can be submitted old for exe and picked up later.Interactive operating systemThe system is composed of many short transactions where the results of the next transaction may be predictable. The response ... Read More