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What is Dynamic Testing? (Types, Techniques, Example)
Dynamic Testing
In software testing, dynamic testing is a method or technique performed to test the dynamic behavior of the software code. This testing is performed mainly to test the behavior of the software product with dynamic variables or variables that are not constant and to detect the weak or vulnerable areas in the software runtime environment. The software code should be executed to test the dynamic behavior of the software product.
Testing takes 2 Vs to complete the testing process and combines verification and validation. Of these 2 Vs, verification is known as static testing, and validation is referred to as dynamic testing.
Why Dynamic Testing?
The primary purpose of performing dynamic testing is to make sure that the software product functions properly during as well as after its installation guaranteeing a stable application without any major defects. Dynamic testing helps make sure that the software product is consistent.
Consider a banking application, with different screens like the My Accounts section, Funds Transfer, Bill Pay, etc. All these screens have amount field that takes some characters as input.
Consider that My Accounts screen displays the amount as Rs. 25,000 and Funds Transfer as $25,000 and Bill Pays screen as $25,000 for the same amount. However, the way the amount is displayed is not in the same way, thus making the software product inconsistent.
Consistency is not just limited to the working, but also it refers to different factors such as performance, usage, compatibility, etc. thus making dynamic testing so important.
Types of Dynamic Testing
Dynamic testing is categorized under two categories −
White Box testing − In this software testing method, the internal structure/design is known to the tester. White box testing is primarily performed to check on how the software product is functioning based on the software code. White box testing is done by developers or white box testers who have programming knowledge.
Black Box testing − In this testing method, the internal structure, code, or design is not known to the tester. Black box testing is primarily performed for the verification of the working or functionality of the software product under test. Black box testing needs to perform the entire test suite. Black box testing is done by testers and does not require any programming knowledge.
Black box testing is categorized under two types −
Functional testing − It is done to verify whether the features developed are in accordance with the functionalities specified. Functional testing is done by performing the functional test cases written by the QA (Quality Assurance) team. In this testing, the software product is tested by providing the input, by verifying the results, and comparing the obtained results with the estimated results.
Following are the most important different levels of functional testing −
Unit testing − Unit is a small piece of software code that can be tested. Unit testing is done at the individual unit of the software product under testing. Developers are generally responsible for unit testing.
Integration testing − This testing is performed by combining all the units that can be tested either by developers or testers.
System testing − This testing is done to make sure that the software product under testing meets all the requirements. System testing is generally done after the complete system gets ready. System testing is performed by the testers when the code is made available to the QA team.
Acceptance testing − This testing is performed to verify if the software meets all the business requirements and whether it is ready to use or for deployment. Acceptance testing is generally done by the end-users.
Non-functional testing − This testing method does not emphasize the functional aspects and focusses on non-functional aspects like memory leaks, performance, robustness, etc. This testing is done at all the test levels. Following are the most important different levels of non-functional testing:
Performance testing − It is done to verify the response time of the software, and to check if it is normal as per the requirements under the desired load.
Recovery testing − This testing method is used to verify the ability of the system to recover from crashes and failures.
Compatibility testing − This testing method is done to verify the behavior of the software in different environments.
Security testing − This testing method is done to verify the robustness of the software, to make sure that only the authorized users/roles can access the software.
Usability testing − This testing method is done by the end-users to verify the usability of the software.
Techniques of Dynamic Testing
The different techniques of dynamic testing are different tasks like requirement analysis for the tests, test planning, designing test cases, and implementation, setting up of test environment, execution of test cases, defect reporting, and test closure. The tests performed in dynamic testing depend on the completion of the previous task in the testing.
The process of dynamic testing begins with designing test cases. Before we get into the process, let’s discuss the strategy to be followed for dynamic programming. Test strategy mainly emphasizes the resources available and the time available. On the basis of these factors, testing scope and objective, testing phases or cycles, environment, assumptions or challenges, risks, etc. are documented.
After defining the test strategy, and once it is accepted by the management, then the actual process test case design starts.
Test design and Implementation −At this stage, the features to be tested, the test conditions, coverage items, and the test cases are identified.
Test environment setup − We have to make sure that the test environment must be similar to the production environment. At this stage, the build is installed and the test machines are managed.
Test execution − At this stage, the test cases are executed.
Defect report − On the basis of the execution of the test cases, if the expected and actual results are not the same, then the test case is marked as fail and a defect must be logged.
Advantages of dynamic testing
Dynamic testing can find the uncovered bugs, which are considered difficult or complex, that are not covered through static analysis.
In dynamic testing, the software is tested, end-to-end, to make sure that the software is error-free, which improves the quality of the software and project.
It is an essential tool to detect security threats.
Disadvantages of dynamic testing
It consumes a lot of time as it executes the software or the code which needs a huge number of resources.
It increases the cost of the project or the software, as it starts late in the software development lifecycle. Thus, any problem fixed in a later stage can increase the cost.
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