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Welding is a skilled work and at the same time it is risky and requires safety equipment and accessories to safeguard the welder. Welders use various types of welding equipment accessories for protection and safety, which we are going to explain in this article.Welding GlovesThe gloves are used for the protection of the welder’s hands and arms.The material used for making the gloves is a good quality thick rubber which is more flexible for hand movements.There are two types of gloves used in welding work viz.: Gauntlet type gloves and Tig type gloves.Tig type gloves are of high weight and ... Read More
A type of electric lamp that produces light by creating an electric arc in the gap between two electrodes when the electric supply is connected to these electrodes is known as arc lamp.Types of Arc LampsArc lamps are classified into following four types, viz −DC Carbon Arc LampAC Carbon Arc LampFlame Arc LampMagnetic Arc LampDC Carbon Arc LampThe construction of the DC carbon arc lamp is shown in Figure-1.In this types of carbon arc lamp, two carbon electrodes are used. These two electrodes are placed touching to each other face to face and a DC supply of voltage of 40 ... Read More
A tungsten halogen lamp, also called halogen lamp, is a developed tungsten filament lamp. The halogen lamp consists of a tungsten filament that is enclosed in an environment of an inert gas and a small quantity of a halogen such as bromine or iodine.The combination of the tungsten filament and halogen results in a chemical reaction known as halogen cycle, which increases the life of the filament and eliminates the drawbacks of an ordinary filament lamp.The halogen lamp was developed by E. G. Fridrich and E. H. Wiley in 1958 by introducing a halogen gas inside the incandescent lamp. The ... Read More
Welding is the process of joining two metals placed together by heating them to melting point. In electric welding, the heat required for welding process is obtained by the use of electrical energy.Factors Considered While Selecting a Welding System for a Particular JobThere are different materials or metals to be welded and different types of welds are required. Therefore, depending upon the metal, its dimensions, and requirements, different welding systems are selected.The following factors are to be considered while evaluating an appropriate welding system to complete a specific job −Types of material (or metal) being weldedThickness of the material.The welding ... Read More
There are various types of electric lamps available in the market. The selection of a lamp depends upon the illumination area.Selection Criteria of Different Electric LampsThe following table highlights the points that you should consider while selecting a lamp depending upon the area to be illuminated.Illumination AreaSuitable Lamp / LampsGeneral house illuminationIncandescent lampsFluorescent lampsCFL (Compact fluorescent lamps)LED (Light Emitting Diode Lamps)Street lightingFluorescent tube lampsSodium vapor lampsMercury vapor lampsLEDsOutdoor lighting of a buildingHalogen lampsLEDsIndustrial lightingHigh pressure mercury vapor lampsMercury iodide lampsCommercial places (like shopping malls)High pressure mercury vapor lampsGreen lightingFluorescent tube lampsLEDsLarge gardensMercury vapor lampsHalogen lampsSodium vapor lampsDecoration of buildingsNeon tube ... Read More
For any business, be it retail, IT or reality, new clients are hard to come by. It often takes months of grueling follow-up with a prospective customer to actually get them on board. This is exactly why it is critical that we value customers we already have and work harder towards attaining fresh clients.Even the leading BPO companies face stiff competition from one another as well as new ventures, thus making customer retention as one of the prime objectives of a business.There are certain companies that are not affected if a customer shifts loyalty. However, the ideal scenario is one ... Read More
A miniature gas discharge lamp in which the electrical discharge takes place through a mixture of gases containing a large proportion of neon gas is known as neon lamp.The working principle of the neon lamp is as follows −“Electrons are emitted from cathode by subjecting the surface of the cathode to very high electric voltage so that the electrons are forcibly ejected from the orbits of the atoms against the nuclear centripetal forces.”Construction of Neon LampThe construction of a typical neon lamp is shown in the figure.The neon lamp has two closely spaced electrodes, but not touching each other, in ... Read More
Types of Railway Services (Classification of Traction Services)Railways offer the following three types of the passenger traction services viz −City or Urban ServiceSuburban ServiceMain Line ServiceCity or Urban Railway ServiceIn the city or urban railway service, there are frequent stops, the distance between these stops being nearly 1 km or less. Therefore, in order to obtain moderately high schedule speed between the stations, it is essential to have high acceleration and retardation.Suburban Railway ServiceIn case suburban railway service, the average distance between the stops ranges from 3 km to 5 km. The suburban railway services require rapid acceleration and retardation ... Read More
Individual Electric DriveIn an electric drive system, if an individual machine is fitted with its own motor and each operator has complete control on their machine, then it is termed as an individual electric drive.Examples − Drill machine, lath machine, etc.Group Drive SystemA group drive system uses a high powered motor to drive a common shaft. When several machines are organized on a single shaft and are driven by a single large motor, this system is known as group drive. Group drive is also known as line shaft drive because a large sized motor (called main motor) drives a common ... Read More
The electric motors that generate power to rotate the wheels of the train are known as traction motors. The turning force produced by the traction motor is transmitted to the wheels of the train through the driving gear unit and axle. Traction motors should have high efficiency.Desirable Characteristics of Traction MotorsThe desirable characteristics and features of the electric motors used for traction purpose are described below.Suitable Speed-Torque CharacteristicsThe traction motor should have suitable speed-torque characteristics. In a traction system, the torque required at start is very high, while during the constant speed, the torque requirement is not high because kinetic ... Read More