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Adding two numbers is a basic arithmetic operation, where we simply combine their values to get the total. The given task is to add two numbers using the "++" operator in C++. Let's understand this with an example: Scenario 1 // Adding two numbers using '+' operator Input: a = 7, b = 3 Output: 10 Explanation: a + b => 7 + 3 = 10 Scenario 2 // Adding two numbers using '++' operator Input: a = 7, b = 3 Output: 10 Explanation: a + b => 7 + 1 + ... Read More
The C++ STL or Standard Template Library is a collection of general-purpose classes and functions with templates for implementing many algorithms and data structures such as vectors, lists, queues, and stacks. The 4 components of STL are: Containers, Algorithms, Iterators, and Functors. In this article, we will discuss the functions of the header that work on arrays, and are introduced in C++ 11 and later versions. C++ Header The algorithm header provides various built-in functions that implement algorithms such as searching, sorting, finding the maximum element, etc. These functions perform various operations on containers such ... Read More
In this problem, we have n number of coins. To arrange these coins in a staircase shape such that each row consists of k number of coins, where k is the row number in which the coins are placed. The last row may or may not be completely filled. Our task is to find the number of completely filled rows. Here is a scenario of arranging coins problem: Scenario Input: n = 8 Output: 3 Explanation: In the above figure, we can see there are 3 completely filled rows and the ... Read More
The Pythagorean primes are prime numbers that can be represented in the form 4n + 1, where n is a non-negative integer. These primes have a special property as they can be expressed as the sum of two square numbers. In other words, a prime number p is called a Pythagorean prime if: p is prime, and p ≡ 1 (mod 4), i.e., when divided by 4, it leaves a remainder of 1. For example: 5 = 4x1 + 1 = 22 + ... Read More
Difference Between Adjacent List Elements The given task is to calculate the difference between the adjacent elements in the given list using Python, i.e, we need to subtract the current element from the next element and repeat this for each element in the list (except the last one). Scenario Following is an example scenario: Input: [10, 15, 12, 18] Output: [5, -3, 6] Explanation: Difference between 15 and 10: 15 - 10 = 5 Difference between 12 and 15: 12 - 15 = -3 Difference between 18 and 12: 18 - 12 = 6 Using List ... Read More
An anagram is a rearrangement of the characters of a word or a phrase to generate a new word, using all the original characters exactly once. For example, thing and night are anagrams of each other. An anagram substring search includes two strings (text, pattern); we need to search the given text for any substring that contains the same characters as the pattern, in any order. Scenario Following is an example scenario: Input: str1="cbaebabacd", str2="abc" Output: [0, 6] Explanation: In this case, The substring "cba" at index 0 is an anagram of "abc". The substring "bac" at index 6 is an ... Read More
In C++, an array member is simply the individual elements stored within an array. What is Deep Copy? A deep copy creates a new object and allocates separate memory for the dynamically allocated resources; it copies all the data members of the original object into the new object. So that the new object is completely independent of the original. When a class has a pointer to dynamic memory, the default copy constructor and assignment operator will perform a shallow copy, which is a copy of the pointer rather than the data. So, must define our own ... Read More
In this article, we will see how we create and use 2D vectors with user-defined sizes. What is 2D Vector? In C++, a vector is a dynamic array used to store elements. The 2D vector is a vector of vectors and are used to create a dynamic two-dimensional array where the number of rows and the number of columns in each row can vary. Just like a 2D array, a 2D vector is used to store data in a tabular form such as matrices, grids, or tables. Structure of a 2D Vector A 2D vector is declared as: vector v; ... Read More
In JavaScript, adding a method (function) to a constructor is different from adding a method to a regular object. To add a method to a constructor, we need to define it inside the constructor or in its prototype (using which JavaScript objects inherit features from one another). We can create an object in the following ways in JavaScript: Using the function Constructor (older way): function person(){ } const p = new person(); Using ES6 Class Syntax (i.e., modern way): class person{ constructor(){} } const p = new person(); Let's see the various ways to add ... Read More
An array in C/C++ is a fixed-size sequential collection of elements of the same data type where all the elements are stored in the contiguous memory allocation. If an array is accessed out of bounds then an undefined behavior will occur in C/C++, unlike Java where an exception such as java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException will occur. Accessing Out of Bound Memory Accessing out-of-bounds memory in an array means we are trying to access the array index outside its valid range size (i.e., index = array size). It returns any garbage value in the output. Example In ... Read More