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Files of Mixed Records In DBMS, file organizations are designed to handle records of a single type. However, in most real-world applications, multiple types of entities are interconnected in various ways. To represent relationships among records in different files, fields are connected. For example, a STUDENT record may have a connecting field Major_dept, whose value gives the name of the DEPARTMENT in which the student is majoring. The Major_dept field refers to a DEPARTMENT entity, which should be represented by a record of its own in the DEPARTMENT file. Retrieving field values from two related records requires retrieving one of ... Read More
Introduction Neurobiology or Neuroscience is the scientific study of the nervous system (the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system), its functions and disorders. It is a multidisciplinary science that combines physiology, anatomy, molecular biology, developmental biology, cytology, psychology, physics, computer science, chemistry, medicine, statistics, and mathematical modeling to understand the fundamental and emergent properties of neurons, glia, and neural circuits. The scope of neuroscience has broadened over time to include different approaches used to study the nervous system at different scales. The techniques used by neuroscientists have expanded enormously, from molecular and cellular studies of individual neurons to imaging ... Read More
Data Warehouse A data warehouse is like a big library where we keep a lot of information from different places. It analyzes and understands the information easily. So you can make good decisions based on these facts. You have all the required information that you need in one place. We organize the information so it's easy to find and use. It takes information from different places and put it all together in one place, hence it is easier to understand. Characteristics of Data Warehouse Data Warehouse has the following characteristics. Subject-oriented A data warehouse focuses on a specific topic ... Read More
Hive was developed by Facebook. It is used for analytics and MapReduce jobs. It can read, write, and manage large datasets. Hive can replace traditional database operations. Hive uses indexing to make queries more efficient, and it can work with compressed data stored in the Hadoop ecosystem. In this article, we will discuss Dynamic Partitioning and operations on Dynamic Partition in Hive. Apache Hive Apache Hive is a warehousing system. It is used to perform operations on structured data. It is widely used for analytics and MapReduce jobs. Apache Hive provides functionality for reading, writing, and managing large datasets. One ... Read More
Groups in Linux are the collection of all the users of a system. These groups offer a convenient and simple way for the system users to share the directories with no issues. A Linux system can have many users who are divided into several groups. Admin must rank each member of these groups to assign the resource-driven permissions privileges. Users can mainly belong to two types of groups − Primary / Login Group Secondary / Supplementary Group User-created files are assigned to this group. The primary group usually has the same name as a user's name. ... Read More
Printing lines between two patterns is functional when you need to print only a few lines from these files or keep your lines under a specific pattern. Although you can print the lines through the grep command, it is impossible to print the particular line. In this case, you can use commands like sed or awk to print lines between two patterns. So In this article, we will elaborate on various examples to print lines between two patterns in Linux. We will also include multiple conditions for using the sed and awk command to print lines between patterns. Printing Lines ... Read More
Processing the commands in parallel can ease your work while executing multiple commands in Linux. As a Linux administrator, you can process multiple commands in parallel to perform various tasks, such as restarting services, installing system patches, and installing applications. Combining two or more commands in the command line is called command chaining. You can use command chaining to execute multiple commands in parallel. You can easily chain different commands at once to simplify the process. So in this long- guide, we will explain every process you can try to process Linux commands in parallel. Processing Linux Commands in Parallel ... Read More
cURL is used to request data from a server and send it to a device. Through this command, the user specifies the server URL and the data it needs to send the URL (the location to which the request is sent). Curl works on Windows, MacOS, and Linux and supports over 25+ protocols, including SFTP, FTP, HTTPS, and HTTP. Regarding API calls and debugging network requests, curl is one of the best open-source and free tools. The word 'Proxy' stands for 'act on behalf of another.' Similarly, the proxy server also acts on behalf of the end user. Proxy servers ... Read More
Introduction Cloning is the process of producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals that occur in nature when organisms such as bacteria, fungi, insects, or plants reproduce asexually. Examples of such organisms are various trees such as hazel trees, blueberry plants, and the American sweetgum. Cloning in biotechnology refers to processes used to create copies of DNA fragments (molecular cloning), cells (cell cloning), or organisms. The term also refers to the production of multiple copies of a product such as digital media or software. Cloning can be natural or artificial. Examples of cloning that occur naturally are vegetative reproduction in ... Read More
The process of monitoring all these data packets passing through the network is called sniffing. Network administrators commonly use sniffers to troubleshoot and monitor network traffic. The attackers use these sniffers to capture and monitor data packets to steal sensitive user account information, such as passwords, username, and location. Network packets are the basic data unit grouped and transferred over packet-switched networks, computer networks such as the Internet. You can also monitor and intercept traffic on the network by using software that captures all the data packets passing through the network interface. You can do the same using hardware tools ... Read More