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Introduction PostgreSQL is one of the most popular open-source relational database management systems (RDBMS). It provides a wide range of features such as data integrity, fault-tolerance, and scalability. One of the essential features in PostgreSQL is Streaming Replication. It allows you to create multiple copies of a PostgreSQL database cluster in near-real-time by continuously streaming the changes from the primary node to the standby nodes. Streaming replication works by streaming the write-ahead log (WAL) data generated by the primary node to one or more standby nodes over a network connection. Configuration of Master Node for Streaming ... Read More
A palindrome is a string that is just equal to the reverse of it. We are given a string and we have to find the minimum number of insertions of any characters required to make the given string as the palindrome. We will see the three approaches: first recursive approach, then we will memorize this solution, and last, we will implement the dynamic programming approach. Recursive ApproachExample #include // library for input and output #include // library to get the integer limits #include // library for strings // function to find the minimum of ... Read More
Introduction Configuring Postfix and Dovecot with virtual domain users is an essential process for anyone running a Linux-based email server. These two software applications are the backbone of email servers, and they work together to handle incoming and outgoing emails. Postfix is the mail transfer agent responsible for accepting incoming emails. On the other hand, Dovecot is the email delivery agent responsible for delivering incoming emails to users' mailboxes. In this article, we will provide a detailed guide on how to configure Postfix and Dovecot with virtual domain users in Linux. Explanation of Postfix and Dovecot Postfix is ... Read More
Introduction In today's digital age, security is of utmost importance. The rise of cyber threats and data breaches has shown that no system is completely safe. System administrators and IT professionals must take proactive measures to protect their systems and data. One such measure is the use of Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM) for user authentication. PAM is a powerful tool that allows system administrators to customize the authentication process for their systems. It enables the use of multiple authentication methods, such as passwords, tokens, and biometrics, among others. This flexibility makes it easier for administrators to manage access ... Read More
Introduction OpenStack is an open-source cloud computing platform that enables the creation and management of public, private, and hybrid cloud environments. The platform provides a wide range of services including computing, storage, and networking. OpenStack Networking, also known as Neutron, is a service that offers software-defined networking capabilities for OpenStack environments. Understanding OpenStack Networking Concepts OpenStack is an open-source cloud computing platform that allows users to create, manage, and provision cloud computing resources. One of the most critical components of OpenStack is networking. Understanding OpenStack networking concepts requires knowledge of the overall architecture and types of networks in OpenStack. ... Read More
Introduction In today's world, data is the backbone of every industry. To make sense of it all, tools like Kibana are used to visualize and analyze the data. However, running Kibana on its own can often lead to performance issues and security vulnerabilities. This is where Nginx reverse proxy comes in handy. Preparing the Environment for Nginx Reverse Proxy Configuration Installing Nginx on the Server Before installing Nginx on the server, it is important to ensure that all necessary dependencies are installed. This can be done by running a system update and then installing the dependencies using the ... Read More
Introduction Nginx and Nodejs are two powerful tools that web developers use to build modern web applications. Nginx is a high-performance, open-source web server that can also function as a reverse proxy, caching server, load balancer, and more. Nodejs is a JavaScript runtime built on the Chrome V8 engine that allows developers to create fast and scalable network applications. The First Step: Installing and Configuring Nginx A Step-By-Step Guide to Installing Nginx on the Server Before you can configure Nginx as a reverse proxy for your Nodejs app, you need to install it. The installation process varies depending on your ... Read More
Introduction The Internet Protocol (IP) address is a crucial component of computer networking as it uniquely identifies each device connected to a network. By default, most network interfaces are configured to obtain an IP address dynamically from a router or DHCP server. However, in some cases, it is necessary to configure a static IP address. A static IP address is an IP address that is manually assigned to a device and does not change over time unless manually reconfigured. In this article, we will discuss how to configure a static IP address on Ubuntu 18.04 and why it's important ... Read More
Introduction Apache is the most widely used web server software on the internet. One of the key features of Apache is a configuration file called .htaccess. This file allows users to control various server settings, including directory-level permissions, URL rewrites, and much more. In this article, we will explore how to enable and set up .htaccess files on Apache servers. Explanation of .htaccess file on Apache The .htaccess file is a configuration file that allows website owners to modify various aspects of their websites' behavior. The ".ht" in ".htaccess" stands for "hypertext", which refers to the markup language ... Read More
Introduction Have you ever wondered how your computer connects to a website? The answer lies in the Domain Name System (DNS), which translates domain names into IP addresses. But did you know that you can actually edit this process by modifying your computer's hosts file? The hosts file is a simple text file that maps IP addresses to domain names, allowing you to bypass DNS and specify exactly where your computer should look for a website. Editing Hosts File in Linux Where is the hosts file located in Linux and how to access it? The hosts file in ... Read More