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Introduction Tag identification is the process of identifying and tracking physical objects or people using electronic tags. These tags contain unique identifiers that can be read by special devices, enabling businesses to locate, monitor, and manage their assets more efficiently. Tag identification technologies have revolutionized many industries by providing real−time data on a wide range of parameters such as location, temperature, humidity, and movement. Types of Tag Identification Message Formats Tag identification message formats refer to the various ways through which tags or labels can be identified and their information transmitted from one device to another. Two common tag ... Read More
Introduction In today's digital age, network security is a top priority for businesses and organizations of all sizes. With the increasing threat of cyber attacks, it is essential to have strong authentication methods in place to verify the identity of users accessing sensitive information. TACACS+ Protocol is one such authentication protocol that has been widely adopted by enterprises across the globe. Terminal Access Controller Access Control System Plus (TACACS+) Protocol is a remote authentication protocol used to provide centralized access control for network devices. It separates the functions of authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) into three separate services. This ... Read More
Introduction As technology continues to evolve, businesses are increasingly relying on complex systems to support their operations. System scaling is the process of adding or removing resources to ensure that these systems can accommodate changing demands. While system scaling can improve system performance and availability, it also introduces trade−offs that require careful consideration. Explanation of System Scaling System scaling is the process of adjusting infrastructure resources, such as servers, storage, or network capacity, based on changing business requirements. Organizations may scale up or down their systems depending on factors such as user traffic, application complexity or resource utilization. ... Read More
Introduction Data communication involves the exchange of information between two or more devices connected through a communication channel. The effectiveness and efficiency of this exchange process are highly dependent on the protocol used to transmit the data. Synchronous Data Link Control (SDLC) is an essential protocol for data communication as it provides a reliable means of transmitting data across networks. Synchronous Data Link Control is a layer 2 protocol used in data communication to manage and maintain error−free transmission between devices. SDLC provides synchronization, error control, and flow control mechanisms necessary for efficient data transfer. SDLC Loop Operation ... Read More
Introduction In the world of electronics, transmission lines are an essential part of many circuits. One such type of transmission line is the Symmetric Stripline. This article provides a detailed look at this technology, including its definition, construction, working principle, applications, and more. A Symmetric Stripline is a type of electrical transmission line that consists of two parallel conductive strips separated by a dielectric material. It is commonly used in high−frequency and microwave circuits due to its ability to provide low loss and good impedance matching properties. Construction of Symmetric Stripline Layers of Symmetric Stripline Symmetric ... Read More
Introduction In today's fast−paced and highly connected business environment, having a reliable and efficient network infrastructure is crucial for success. With the rise of cloud computing, big data, and the Internet of Things (IoT), businesses need to be able to handle large amounts of traffic while maintaining high levels of performance. One technology that can help achieve this goal is switch stacking. Switch stacking is a networking technology where multiple network switches are connected together to form a single logical unit. In other words, instead of managing each switch separately, they are managed as one entity. This ... Read More
Introduction Network monitoring is an essential part of maintaining a healthy and secure network. One critical tool for network monitoring is Switch Port Analyzer (SPAN). SPAN allows administrators to monitor and analyze network traffic by providing a copy of the traffic to an analysis device without interrupting the flow of data. In this article, we will provide an in−depth examination of SPAN, including its definition, significance in network monitoring, setup procedures and best practices, use cases, advanced features, limitations, and alternatives. Understanding SPAN Switch Port Analyzer (SPAN) is a feature available on modern network ... Read More
The characters used in an arrangement of numeric notation based on the pre-Roman Roman system are known as Roman numerals. All major symbols are covered in the section below. In this problem, we are given a string of Roman numerals and our task is to convert Roman numerals to decimals in the range of 1 to 3999 Here are some examples and explanations to help you better understand the problem. Input str = "DCCCLXXIV" Output str = 874 Explanation DCCC is the Roman representation of 800 as D represents 500 and C represents 100 LXX is the Roman representation of ... Read More
We are given a string that may represent a number and if it is a valid number then we have to convert it into an integer using the Python programming language. atoi() function is used in C programming language and used to convert the string which is passed as the parameter to it into an integer value if the string is a valid integer otherwise it shows the undefined behavior. Sample Examples Input 1 string S = "9834" Output 9834 Explanation We are given a string that represents a number so we have just got the same output. ... Read More
Introduction Proxy servers are intermediary servers that act as a gateway between a user's device and the internet. When connected to the internet through a proxy server, all data requests from the user's device are first sent to the proxy server which then forwards them to the internet. Similarly, when data is received from the internet, it first goes through the proxy server before reaching the user's device. There are several types of proxies including HTTP proxies, HTTPS proxies and SOCKS proxies. Each type of proxy serves different purposes with varying degrees of security and privacy. Understanding Proxy Settings on ... Read More