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Articles on Trending Technologies
Technical articles with clear explanations and examples
TCP/IP in Computer Networking
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is a suite of communication protocols used for connecting devices on networks, ranging from the global Internet to local intranets and extranets. Despite its name suggesting only two protocols, TCP/IP actually encompasses multiple protocols working together to enable reliable data communication. The modern Internet applications and services we use daily are made possible by the TCP/IP protocol suite, which provides the foundation for network communication worldwide. How TCP/IP Works TCP/IP operates through a coordinated process where each protocol handles specific aspects of data communication: TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) manages ...
Read MoreWhat is hierarchical routing?
In hierarchical routing, the routers are divided into regions. Each router has complete details about how to route packets to destinations within its own region, but it does not have any idea about the internal structure of other regions. As networks grow larger, the number of routers increases significantly. In traditional routing algorithms like Link State (LS) and Distance Vector (DV), every router needs to maintain information about all other routers. This causes routing tables to become extremely large, reducing efficiency. Hierarchical routing solves this scalability problem by organizing routers into a structured hierarchy. How Hierarchical Routing Works ...
Read MoreWhat is Cluster Computing?
Cluster computing defines several computers linked on a network and implemented like an individual entity. Each computer that is linked to the network is known as a node. Cluster computing provides solutions to solve difficult problems by providing faster computational speed and enhanced data integrity. The connected computers implement operations all together thus generating the impression like a single system (virtual device). This procedure is defined as the transparency of the system. Cluster Computing Architecture Node 1 ...
Read MoreHow To Modify MAC address in Windows 10 (Both Wired and Wireless Adapter)?
MAC address modification in Windows 10 allows you to change the unique hardware identifier of your network adapters. This can be useful for network troubleshooting, privacy protection, or testing network configurations. Both wired (Ethernet) and wireless adapters support MAC address changes through the Device Manager. Modifying MAC Address for Wired Adapter Step 1: Access Device Manager Right-click on the Start button and select Device Manager from the context menu. Alternatively, press Windows key + X and choose Device Manager from the power user menu. Step 2: Locate Network Adapter In Device Manager, expand the Network ...
Read MoreExplain the TCP Services in the Computer Network.
Following are some of the services offered by the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) to the processes at the application layer: Stream Delivery Service Sending and Receiving Buffers Bytes and Segments Full Duplex Service Connection Oriented Service Reliable Service All the above mentioned TCP services are explained below in detail. Stream Delivery Service TCP is a stream-oriented protocol. It enables the sending process to deliver data as a stream of bytes and the receiving process to acquire data as a stream of bytes. TCP creates a working environment so that the sending and receiving ...
Read MoreDenial-of-Service (DoS) Attack and its Types
A Denial-of-Service (DoS) attack is a malicious attempt to disrupt the normal traffic of a targeted server, service, or network by overwhelming the target or its surrounding infrastructure with a flood of internet traffic. The attack renders the service unavailable to legitimate users by exhausting system resources such as bandwidth, memory, or processing power. DoS attacks typically target high-profile organizations including banks, e-commerce platforms, media companies, and government websites. While these attacks rarely result in data theft, they can cause significant financial losses and operational disruption for the targeted organization. DoS Attack Overview ...
Read MoreWhat are IPV6 Unicast Addresses in computer networks?
Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) allows data transfer to take place over networks with improved efficiency, performance, and security compared to IPv4. Most importantly, it enables service providers to reduce the size of their routing tables while providing a vastly expanded address space. Representation of IPv6 IPv6 consists of 128 bits represented by eight groups of hexadecimal digits, with each group containing 16 bits separated by colons. Example of IPv6 Address 2002:0db6:65a3:0000:0000:6a2e:0270:7443 IPv6 Address Types Unicast One-to-one ...
Read MoreWhat are the Pros and cons of Virtualization in Cloud Computing?
In Cloud Computing, virtualization is the process of creating virtual instances of servers, operating systems, storage devices, and network resources. This technology enables multiple virtual machines to run simultaneously on a single physical server, allowing organizations to maximize resource utilization and reduce infrastructure costs. Virtualization serves as the foundation of cloud computing by abstracting physical hardware resources and presenting them as logical resources that can be dynamically allocated and managed. It enables the sharing of individual physical resources among multiple clients and applications, creating a more flexible and scalable computing environment. Virtualization in Cloud ...
Read MoreTCP Reno with Example
TCP Reno is a congestion control algorithm used by the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) in computer networking. It plays a crucial role in managing data transmission between devices on the internet, ensuring that packets are delivered efficiently while preventing network congestion that could lead to packet loss or connection failures. TCP Reno uses feedback from packet acknowledgments to dynamically adjust transmission rates, maintaining network stability during high traffic periods and optimizing throughput based on available bandwidth. How TCP Reno Works The basic principle behind TCP Reno is to adjust the transmission rate based on how quickly packets ...
Read MoreWhat is FTTP and how does it work?
Fiber To The Premises (FTTP) is a fiber optic cable transmission system that enables an Internet service provider (ISP) to deliver high-speed internet connectivity directly to customers' locations using optical fiber cables. FTTP is part of the broader "Fiber to x" (FTTx) family of fiber delivery technologies. FTTP provides significantly faster internet speeds compared to traditional dial-up or coaxial cable connections. This fiber optic delivery method involves deploying an optical distribution network that connects the central office directly to the subscriber's premises, eliminating the performance bottlenecks associated with copper-based last-mile connections. FTTP Network Architecture ...
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