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Introduction to Classes and Inheritance in Python
Object-oriented programming creates reusable patterns of code to prevent code redundancy in projects. One way that recyclable code is created is through inheritance, when one subclass leverages code from another base class.
Inheritance is when a class uses code written within another class.
Classes called child classes or subclasses inherit methods and variables from parent classes or base classes.
Because the Child subclass is inheriting from the Parent base class, the Child class can reuse the code of Parent, allowing the programmer to use fewer lines of code and decrease redundancy.
Derived classes are declared much like their parent class; however, a list of base classes to inherit from is given after the class name −
class SubClassName (ParentClass1[, ParentClass2, ...]): 'Optional class documentation string' class_suite
Example
class Parent: # define parent class parentAttr = 100 def __init__(self): print "Calling parent constructor" def parentMethod(self): print 'Calling parent method' def setAttr(self, attr): Parent.parentAttr = attr def getAttr(self): print "Parent attribute :", Parent.parentAttr class Child(Parent): # define child class def __init__(self): print "Calling child constructor" def childMethod(self): print 'Calling child method' c = Child() # instance of child c.childMethod() # child calls its method c.parentMethod() # calls parent's method c.setAttr(200) # again call parent's method c.getAttr() # again call parent's method
Output
When the above code is executed, it produces the following result
Calling child constructor Calling child method Calling parent method Parent attribute :200
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