Water as ice has a cooling effect, whereas water as steam may cause severe burns. Explain these observations.

When water comes in contact as ice, it has low energy so heat from the body goes to ice and causes a cooling effect.

 When steam comes in contact with the body, it gives heat to the body which causes burn. Steam causes more severe burns than boiling water because steam contains more heat in the form of latent heat, as compared to boiling water at the same temperature. When steam falls on the skin and condenses to form water, it gives out 22.5 × 105 J/kg more heat than boiling water at the same temperature as in boiling water, heat being taken up is being used to form steam.