Data Structure
Networking
RDBMS
Operating System
Java
MS Excel
iOS
HTML
CSS
Android
Python
C Programming
C++
C#
MongoDB
MySQL
Javascript
PHP
Physics
Chemistry
Biology
Mathematics
English
Economics
Psychology
Social Studies
Fashion Studies
Legal Studies
- Selected Reading
- UPSC IAS Exams Notes
- Developer's Best Practices
- Questions and Answers
- Effective Resume Writing
- HR Interview Questions
- Computer Glossary
- Who is Who
Give examples of major groups of microorganisms with an explanation.
A microorganism or microbe is an organism that is microscopic, which means too small to see with the naked eye. These may exist in unicellular (single-celled), multicellular, and in a colony of cells.
They are widespread in nature and are very essential and beneficial to life, but some of them can also harm.
The study of microorganisms is known as microbiology.
They can be divided into six major types:
1. Virus -Viruses are non-cellular beings that consist of a nucleic acid core (DNA or RNA) which is surrounded by a protein coat. These are disease-causing microbes that cannot reproduce outside a host cell and cannot metabolize on their own.
2. Bacteria – Bacterias are unicellular disease-causing microorganisms, which exist in four major shapes: bacillus (rod shape), coccus (spherical shape), spirilla (spiral shape), and vibrio (curved shape).
They are also classified as heterotrophs or autotrophs.on the basis of obtaining energy. Bacteria that take energy from decaying life forms are called saprophytes.
3. Archaea –Archaea or Archaebacteria differ from true bacteria by their cell wall structure, and they use different energy sources like carbon dioxide, sulphur, and hydrogen gas.
Some archaebacteria use sunlight to make energy by absorbing sunlight using their membrane pigment, called bacteriorhodopsin.
4. Protozoa – Protozoans are unicellular microorganisms that obtain nourishment by absorption or ingestion through their specialized structures. They mainly include organisms like Amoeba, Plasmodium, Flagella, etc.
5. Fungi – Fungi are mostly multicellular. They obtain nourishment by absorbing organic material from their environment (decomposers), they have filamentous tubes called hyphae that help to absorb the material. Their mode of reproduction is releasing ‘spores’.
Bread moulds, yeast, and mushrooms are common examples of fungi.
6. Algae – It is also known as cyanobacteria or blue-green algae. They are unicellular or multicellular organisms that obtain nourishment by the process of photosynthesis.
They live in water, damp soil, and rocks.
For example- Spirogyra, Chlamydomonas, etc.
25 Views
