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Define- Peristalsis, Chyme, Amino Acid, Amoeba, Buccal Cavity, Canine, Cellulose & Fatty Acid.
1. The word Parastalsis comes from 'New Latin' and is derived from the Greek "peristellein", meaning "to wrap around".
Peristalsis is a series of wave-like muscle contractions that cause a wave-like motion to move food to different processing locations in the digestive tract.
The process of peristalsis begins in the oesophagus when we swallow a bolus of food.
This movement helps food to travel through the stomach, where it is churned into a liquid mixture called chyme.
2. The word Chyme or chymus is taken from the Greek word 'khymos' meaning 'Juice'.
It is the semi-fluid mass of partially digested food and digestive secretions consisting of water, hydrochloric acid, and various digestive enzymes that are expelled by the stomach, through the pyloric valve, into the duodenum (the beginning of the small intestine).
3. Amino acids are the substances made up of nitrogen and hydrogen and are building blocks of protein.
There are 20 Amino acids that constitute human protein.
Out of 20 amino acids, 11 are non-essential amino acids that can be synthesized by the organisms, thus are not required to be supplied from the diet.
The essential amino acid, or indispensable amino acids, are the amino acids that cannot be synthesized by the organism to fulfil the body's requirement, and thus required to be supplied in its diet.
The 9 essential amino acids are histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine.
4. An amoeba is a unicellular organism.
The cell membrane is a thin layer of protein and fat that surrounds the amoeba that allows some substances to pass into the cell and blocks other substances.
Amoeba follows holozoic nutrition, which takes place in organisms that take solid or liquid food inside their body.
They do not have any specialized organ for nutrition, so they obtain their food by the process of endocytosis, and the entire process is carried through the body surface with the help of pseudopodia which is a false foot.
5. The Mouth is also called oral cavity or buccal cavity, in human anatomy, through which food and air enter the body.
The buccal cavity mainly comprises the primary organ of the digestive system including the teeth, tongue, and salivary glands, which assist in the mechanical breakdown of food, and the openings of the salivary glands.
It is bounded by the cheeks of the face, the palate, and the flesh of the mandible.
6. Canine is the name of the set of teeth found in humans, which are the slightly pointed teeth that sit on each side of the incisor teeth at the front of the mouth.
They are used for biting, tearing, and speaking as well as other important functions.
7. Cellulose is a complex carbohydrate or polysaccharide, consisting of oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen and this is a water-soluble and biodegradable organic compound.
This is the major component of cell walls of plants, like vegetables, fruits, and grains in our diet, and also helps the plant to remain stiff and strong.
It is used to make clothes and paper and is necessary to our diet because it is an excellent source of fibre.
8. Fatty acids are the building blocks of the fat in our bodies which is found in oils and fats containing food.
During digestion, the body breaks down fats into fatty acids, which can then be absorbed into the blood.
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