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Fill in the blanks:
(a) The main steps of nutrition in humans are ______, ______, ______, _____ and _____.
(b) The largest gland in the human body is ______.
(c) The stomach releases hydrochloric acid and _____ juices which act on food.
(d) The inner wall of the small intestine has many finger-like outgrowths called _______.
(e) Amoeba digests its food in the _____.
Correct Answer:
(a) The main steps of nutrition in humans are Ingestion, Digestion, Assimilation, Absorption, and Egestion.
(b) The largest gland in the human body is the liver.
(c) The stomach releases hydrochloric acid and gastric juices which act on food.
(d) The inner wall of the small intestine has many finger-like outgrowths called villi.
(e) Amoeba digests its food in the food vacuole.
The major parts of the digestive system:
- Salivary glands.
- Pharynx.
- Esophagus.
- Stomach.
- Small Intestine.
- Large Intestine.
- Rectum.
- Accessory digestive organs: liver, gallbladder, pancreas.
The five steps of digestion are as follows:
1. Ingestion: It is the entry of food into the mouth. Chewing breaks the food into small pieces and saliva mixes with food that can be easily passed through to stomach through oesophagus.
2. Digestion: When food enters the stomach the inner lining of the stomach secretes mucous, hydrochloric acid, and digestive juices. The acid makes the medium in the stomach acidic and helps the digestive juices which break down the proteins into simpler substances. The small intestine receives secretions from the liver and the pancreas to break down the carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the digestion.
3. Absorption: The digested food passes into the blood vessels in the wall of the intestine which has thousands of finger-like outgrowths. These are called villi which increase the surface area for absorption of the digested food.
4. Assimilation: The absorbed substances are transported to different organs via the blood vessels. These substances are used to build complex substances like proteins. This is called assimilation.
5. Egestion: The undigested and unabsorbed food enters into the large intestine where it water and some salts get absorbed from the undigested food material. The remaining waste passes to the rectum. This fecal matter is removed through the anus. This is called egestion.
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