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How to represent Unicode strings as UTF-8 encoded strings using Tensorflow and Python?
A set of Unicode strings can be represented as UTF8-encoded string using the ‘encode’ method.
Read More: What is TensorFlow and how Keras work with TensorFlow to create Neural Networks?
Models which process natural language handle different languages that have different character sets. Unicode is considered as the standard encoding system which is used to represent character from almost all the languages. Every character is encoded with the help of a unique integer code point that is between 0 and 0x10FFFF. A Unicode string is a sequence of zero or more code values.
Let us understand how to represent Unicode strings using Python, and manipulate those using Unicode equivalents. First, we separate the Unicode strings into tokens based on script detection with the help of the Unicode equivalents of standard string ops.
We are using the Google Colaboratory to run the below code. Google Colab or Colaboratory helps run Python code over the browser and requires zero configuration and free access to GPUs (Graphical Processing Units). Colaboratory has been built on top of Jupyter Notebook.
print("A set of Unicode strings which is represented as a UTF8-encoded string")
batch_utf8 = [s.encode('UTF-8') for s in[u'hÃllo', u'What is the weather tomorrow',u'Göödnight', u'😊']]
batch_chars_ragged = tf.strings.unicode_decode(batch_utf8,
input_encoding='UTF-8')
for sentence_chars in batch_chars_ragged.to_list():
print(sentence_chars)
print("Dense tensor with padding are printed")
batch_chars_padded = batch_chars_ragged.to_tensor(default_value=-1)
print(batch_chars_padded.numpy())
print("Converting to sparse matrix")
batch_chars_sparse = batch_chars_ragged.to_sparse()Code credit: https://www.tensorflow.org/tutorials/load_data/unicode
Output
A set of Unicode strings which is represented as a UTF8-encoded string [104, 195, 108, 108, 111] [87, 104, 97, 116, 32, 105, 115, 32, 116, 104, 101, 32, 119, 101, 97, 116, 104, 101, 114, 32, 116, 111, 109, 111, 114, 114, 111, 119] [71, 246, 246, 100, 110, 105, 103, 104, 116] [128522] Dense tensor with padding are printed [[ 104 195 108 108 111 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1] [87 104 97 116 32 105 115 32 116 104 101 32 119 101 97 116 104 101 114 32 116 111 109 111 114 114 111 119] [71 246 246 100 110 105 103 104 116 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1] [128522 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1]] Converting to sparse matrix
Explanation
- When multiple strings are decoded, the number of characters in every string may not be equal.
- The result would be a tf.RaggedTensor, where the length of the innermost dimension varies and this variation depends on the number of characters in every string.
- This tf.RaggedTensor can be used directly, or it can be converted into a dense tf.Tensor with padding using using the methods tf.RaggedTensor.to_tensor or to a tf.SparseTensor using tf.RaggedTensor.to_sparse.
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