Difference Between Gas and Liquid

Introduction

Gas needs a sealed container to hold its molecules. Especially in comparison to molecules in liquids & solids, their molecular attraction is extremely weak. These molecules move continuously, randomly, and cellularly in all directions.

The 4 states of matter are liquid, solid, gas, & plasma. Although liquids don't have a particular shape, they have an exact volume. Without a container, they cannot be stored. Its core cellular attraction mimics the movement of Brownian cells. Between levels, the liquid is always flowing. Gas molecules cannot be in a specific place.

What are Gases?

In gases, the matter is free to disperse in all directions. No matter how much gas is there, matter takes up every available area. Because gases have an arbitrary volume, they occupy all available space. Gases have relatively weak intermolecular forces, which makes it simple for the matter to flow about easily. The gaseous particle arrangement is undefined in terms of size & shape. It is essential to remember that materials in the gaseous form do not have a certain volume or structure. The gas fills the whole volume of the container. In addition, gas has very high compressibility and is thought to impose a finite amount of pressure on container walls

I,Sharayanan, Kinetic theory of gases, CC BY-SA 3.0

Physical Characteristics of Gases

• Gases possess a lot of kinetic energy.

• There are hardly any intermolecular interactions between the gaseous particles.

• Gases adopt the shape and volume of their surroundings.

• All directions are under pressure from gaseous particles.

• Compared to other states of matter, such as solids as well as liquids, gases have less density.

• Particles have a lot of kinetic energy and aren't very drawn to one another, thus there is a lot of unoccupied space between them.

• They may be compressed easily.

• To fill their vessels, they expand.

• They take up a lot more room than liquids or solids.

What are Liquids?

When a matter is in a liquid phase, it has a set volume but no distinct shape. When a liquid is placed in a container, it conforms to the shape of the container. The intermolecular force between the particles in a liquid is greater than that between gaseous particles. Due to surface tension, the liquid's surface area is always at its lowest. Since the intermolecular interactions between molecules are so small, liquids flow because the molecules may move about one another. Intermolecular forces are those that exist between adjacent molecules. On a molecular level, liquids exhibit certain characteristics of both gases and solids. Fluidity refers to the ability of both liquid and gas molecules to move due to intermolecular interactions. The substance lacks a rigid shape in both the gaseous and liquid phases and instead adopts the shape of the mould it is maintained in.

José Manuel Suárez, Water drop 001, CC BY 2.0

Physical Characteristics of Liquid

• Although liquids have a rigid volume, their shapes are not.

• Under normal circumstances, liquids have boiling points exceeding 273K.

• They have less space between molecules.

• Liquids are less compressible as compared to gases. Molecules in liquids are quite near to one another.

• Liquids travel from the upper level to the lower level naturally.

Main Differences between Gas and Liquid

Liquid	Gas
Fluids flow freely and lack a defined shape but do have a certain volume.	A form of matter known as gas lacks a defined shape and instead takes the shape of the mould it is placed in.
They have less kinetic energy	They have high kinetic energy.
Liquids cannot be compressed easily.	Gases can be compressed easily
There is no definite shape, yet there is volume.	They lack a definite shape or volume.
Less loosely spaced and randomly ordered molecules as compared to gases.	Their molecules are less ordered and more randomly distributed.
They have less space between molecules.	The more intermolecular space is seen in these.
These move down from a higher level.	They move in all directions.
These intermolecular forces are moderate.	They have the lowest intermolecular attraction

Conclusion

It can be concluded that as gas molecules are less structured, there is less attraction, which makes them easier to compress. However, in a liquid, the cells are more firmly arranged. Since molecules have a greater gravitational attraction than gases, this attraction cannot be as easily pressed. Liquids don't have a rigid shape or volume and can take on any shape. They take the form of their vessels & are somewhat compressible. Gases do not occupy a definite volume or have a definite form. Gases are very compressible and take on the form of the vessel in which they are contained. Gases must be kept in a container that is well sealed. However, a container is necessary in the case of liquid for the intended uses.

FAQs

1. Why is $\mathrm{CO_{2}}$ a Gas and $\mathrm{SiO_{2}}$ solid?

Two double bonds between the elements carbon and oxygen make up the linear structure of carbon dioxide. It is a non-polar, tiny molecule with only weak connections connecting the components. It is therefore a gas. Small molecules are not used to create silicon dioxide. It is made up of an endless number of silicons, each of which is bound to four different oxygens (and each oxygen is shared between two silicons). Thus, a robust refractory solid is produced.

2. What is the composition of the gas that we breathe in?

The air we inhale is composed of various other molecules in addition to oxygen! The oxygen content of air is about 21%. About 78 % of the gas you inhale is called nitrogen. Other gases like argon, carbon dioxide, and methane are also present, but in extremely minor quantities.

3. What is an ideal gas?

An ideal gas is one in which there are no intermolecular attraction forces and all collisions among atoms or molecules are entirely elastic. It may be seen as a group of perfectly spherical particles that collide but do not engage with one another.

4. What is liquid nitrogen?

Nitrogen in a liquid condition at a low temperature is known as liquid nitrogen. The boiling point of liquid nitrogen is approximately 195.8 °C(320 °F; 77 °F). Industrial production of it involves fractional distillation of liquid air. It is a clear liquid with low viscosity that is frequently used as a coolant.

5. What is Charles's law?

The discovery that all gases like nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen expand to the same degree throughout the same 80K range was made in 1787 by Jacques Charles, the French scientist. He pointed out that for an ideal gas at the same pressure, the volume and temperature are proportional to each other means as temperature increases, the volume also increases at the same pressure.