D Programming - Switch Statement

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A switch statement allows a variable to be tested for equality against a list of values. Each value is called a case, and the variable being switched on is checked for each switch case.

Syntax

The syntax for a switch statement in D programming language is as follows −

switch(expression) { 
   case constant-expression  : 
      statement(s); 
      break; /* optional */ 

   case constant-expression  : 
      statement(s); 
      break; /* optional */ 
      * you can have any number of case statements */

   default : /* Optional */ 
      statement(s); 
}

The following rules apply to a switch statement −

• The expression used in a switch statement must have an integral or enumerated type, or be of a class type in which the class has a single conversion function to an integral or enumerated type.

• You can have any number of case statements within a switch. Each case is followed by the value to be compared to and a colon.

• The constant-expression for a case must be the same data type as the variable in the switch, and it must be a constant or a literal.

• When the variable being switched on is equal to a case, the statements following that case executes until a break statement is reached.

• When a break statement is reached, the switch terminates, and the flow of control jumps to the next line following the switch statement.

• Not every case needs to contain a break. If no break appears, the flow of control falls through to subsequent cases until a break is reached.

• A switch statement can have an optional default case, which must appear at the end of the switch. The default case can be used for performing a task when none of the cases is true. No break is needed in the default case.

Flow Diagram

Example

import std.stdio;
 
int main () { 
   /* local variable definition */ 
   char grade = 'B';
   switch(grade) { 
      case 'A' : 
         writefln("Excellent!" ); 
         break; 
      case 'B' : 
      case 'C' : 
         writefln("Well done" ); 
         break; 
      case 'D' : 
         writefln("You passed" ); 
         break; 
      case 'F' : 
         writefln("Better try again" ); 
         break; 
      default : 
         writefln("Invalid grade" ); 
   } 
   writefln("Your grade is %c", grade ); 
  
   return 0; 
} 

When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result −

Well done 
Your grade is B