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C++ Program to Perform Sorting Using B-Tree
Here we will see how to get the sorted sequence using B-Tree. The B-tree is n-ary tree. To get the sorted sequences, we can create a B-tree, then add the numbers into it. Here the B-tree can hold maximum 5 nodes. If number of nodes increases, split the node and form new level. As the nodes are holding few number of elements like 5 (at most), we are using Bubble sorting techniques to sort them. as the number of elements is very low, then it will not affect too much on its performance.
After traversing the tree, we will get all of the values of different nodes. These elements will be sorted in non-decreasing order.
Algorithm
traverse(p)
Input :The Tree node p
Output : The traversal sequence of tree
Begin for i in range 0 to n-1, do if p is not a leaf node, then traverse(child of p at position i) end if print the data at position i done if p is not a leaf node, then traverse(child of p at position i) end if End
sort(a, n)
Input Take the array a, which will be sorted, the number of elements in that array, which is n
Output: The sorted array
Begin for i in range 0 to n-1, do for j in range 0 to n-1, do if a[i] > a[j], then swap a[i] and a[j] end if done done End
split_node(x, i):
Input : The node x to be splitted, i will be (-1) for leaf node, otherwise some positive value
Output : The middle element of Node after splitting
Begin Create a node np3, and mark it as leaf node if i is -1, then mid := Data from position 2 of x Set the data at position 2 of x to 0 Reduce the number of data in x by 1 create a new node called np1, and mark it as non-leaf node mark x as leaf node Insert all of the nodes of x from position 3 to 5 into np3 Also insert all of the child reference of x from position 3 to 5 into np3 Remove the inserted elements from the node x insert mid into the first position of np1 make x as left child and np3 as right child of np1 increase the element count of np1, and make this as root. else y := the subtree at location i mid := data from position 2 of y Set the data at position 2 of y to 0 Reduce the number of data in y by 1 Insert all of the nodes of y from position 3 to 5 into np3 increase the element count of np3, and remove inserted elements from y add y child at position i, and add np3 at position i+1 end if End
insert(a):
Input : An element a, which will be inserted.
Output: The updated B-Tree
Begin x := root if x is null, then create a root node and take root into x else if x is leaf node, and has 5 elements, then temp_node := split_child(x, -1) x := root i := find correct position to insert a x := child of x at position i else while x is not a leaf node, do i := find correct position to insert a if child of x at position i, has 5 elements, then temp_node := split_child(x, i) add temp_node data at position x->n of x else x := child of x at position i end if done end if end if add a into x at position x->n sort elements of x End
Example Code
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
struct BTreeNode{ //create a node structure of a B-tree
int *data;
BTreeNode **child_ptr;
bool leaf;
int n;
}*root = NULL, *np = NULL, *x = NULL;
BTreeNode * getNode(){
int i;
np = new BTreeNode;
np->data = new int[5]; //set five data fiels and 6 link field
np->child_ptr = new BTreeNode *[6];
np->leaf = true; //initially the node is a leaf
np->n = 0;
for (i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
np->child_ptr[i] = NULL; //initialize all pointer to null
}
return np;
}
void traverse(BTreeNode *p) {
cout<<endl;
int i;
for (i = 0; i < p->n; i++) { //recursively traverse the entire b-tree
if (p->leaf == false){
traverse(p->child_ptr[i]);
}
cout << " " << p->data[i];
}
if (p->leaf == false) {
traverse(p->child_ptr[i]);
}
cout<<endl;
}
void sort(int *p, int n) {
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
for (int j = i; j <= n; j++) {
if (p[i] > p[j]){
swap(p[i], p[j]);
}
}
}
}
int split_child(BTreeNode *x, int i){ //split the node into three nodes, one root and two children
int mid;
BTreeNode *np1, *np3, *y;
np3 = getNode(); //create a new leaf node called np3
np3->leaf = true;
if (i == -1) {
mid = x->data[2]; //get the middle element
x->data[2] = 0;
x->n--;
np1 = getNode();
np1->leaf = false;
x->leaf = true;
for (int j = 3; j < 5; j++) {
np3->data[j - 3] = x->data[j];
np3->child_ptr[j - 3] = x->child_ptr[j];
np3->n++;
x->data[j] = 0;
x->n--;
}
for (int j = 0; j < 6; j++) {
x->child_ptr[j] = NULL;
}
np1->data[0] = mid;
np1->child_ptr[np1->n] = x;
np1->child_ptr[np1->n + 1] = np3;
np1->n++;
root = np1;
} else {
y = x->child_ptr[i];
mid = y->data[2];
y->data[2] = 0;
y->n--;
for (int j = 3; j < 5; j++) {
np3->data[j - 3] = y->data[j];
np3->n++;
y->data[j] = 0;
y->n--;
}
x->child_ptr[i] = y;
x->child_ptr[i + 1] = np3;
}
return mid;
}
void insert(int a){ //insert into BTree
int i, tmp_node;
x = root;
if (x == NULL) {
root = getNode();
x = root;
} else {
if (x->leaf == true && x->n == 5){ //when the node is a leaf node and has 5 data
tmp_node = split_child(x, -1); //make a new level by spliting the node
x = root;
for (i = 0; i < (x->n); i++) {
if ((a > x->data[i]) && (a < x->data[i + 1])) {
i++;
break;
} else if (a < x->data[0]) {
break;
} else {
continue;
}
}
x = x->child_ptr[i];
} else {
while (x->leaf == false) {
for (i = 0; i < (x->n); i++) {
if ((a > x->data[i]) && (a < x->data[i + 1])) {
i++;
break;
} else if (a < x->data[0]) {
break;
} else {
continue;
}
}
if ((x->child_ptr[i])->n == 5) {
tmp_node = split_child(x, i);
x->data[x->n] = tmp_node;
x->n++;
continue;
} else {
x = x->child_ptr[i];
}
}
}
}
x->data[x->n] = a;
sort(x->data, x->n);
x->n++;
}
int main() {
int i, n, t;
cout<<"enter the no of elements to be inserted\n";
cin>>n;
for(i = 0; i < n; i++) {
cout<<"enter the element\n";
cin>>t;
insert(t);
}
cout<<"traversal of constructed tree\n";
traverse(root);
}Output
enter the no of elements to be inserted 8 enter the element 54 enter the element 23 enter the element 98 enter the element 52 enter the element 10 enter the element 23 enter the element 47 enter the element 84 traversal of constructed tree 10 23 23 47 52 54 84 98
Updated on: 30-Jul-2019
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