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Articles by Mahesh Parahar
Page 7 of 15
Difference between JSON and XML
Both JSON and XML are popular data interchange formats used to store and transfer structured data between systems. JSON is lightweight and commonly used in web APIs, while XML is more verbose but offers richer features like schemas and namespaces. Same Data in Both Formats Here is how the same student data looks in JSON and XML ? JSON Format { "student": { "name": "Alice", "age": 20, ...
Read MoreDifference between Java and C language
Both Java and C are among the most popular programming languages in the world. Java is an object-oriented, platform-independent language, while C is a procedural, platform-dependent language. Despite their differences, both have been widely influential in shaping modern software development. Key Differences Feature Java C Developed By James Gosling (1995) Dennis M. Ritchie (1969–1973) Paradigm Object-Oriented (high-level) Procedural (middle-level) Compilation Source → bytecode → JVM interprets/JIT compiles Source → machine code (compiled directly) Functional Unit Objects and classes Functions Inheritance Supported Not supported Threading ...
Read MoreDifference between HTML and HTML 5
HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is a markup language used to define the structure of web pages using tags. HTML5 is the latest major version of HTML, introducing native support for audio, video, graphics, offline storage, and many new semantic elements that eliminate the need for third-party plugins like Flash. HTML (Older Versions) Earlier versions of HTML (HTML 4.01 and below) provided basic document structuring with tags for text, images, links, tables, and forms. They relied on external plugins (like Flash) for multimedia and had limited client-side storage (only cookies). The doctype declaration was long and complex. HTML5 ...
Read MoreDifference between float and double in C/C++
In C/C++, float and double are data types used to represent floating-point numbers (numbers with a decimal part). The key difference is precision − double has twice the precision of float, which means it can represent numbers with more decimal digits of accuracy. Precision and Storage float uses 32 bits (1 sign bit, 8 exponent bits, 23 mantissa bits) and provides about 6–7 significant decimal digits of precision. double uses 64 bits (1 sign bit, 11 exponent bits, 52 mantissa bits) and provides about 15–16 significant decimal digits of precision. Key Differences Feature float ...
Read MoreDifference between Structure and Array in C
In C, both structures and arrays are used as containers to store data. The key difference is that a structure can hold variables of different data types, while an array can only hold variables of the same data type. Example The following example demonstrates the difference between a structure and an array in C ? #include // Structure: holds different data types struct Student { char name[20]; int age; float gpa; }; int main() { // Structure ...
Read MoreDifference between system level exception and Application level exception.
An exception is an unwanted event that interrupts the normal flow of a program. In C#, exceptions are broadly categorized into System Level Exceptions (thrown by the CLR for fatal errors) and Application Level Exceptions (thrown by application code for recoverable errors). System Level Exception System level exceptions are derived from System.SystemException and are thrown by the .NET Common Language Runtime (CLR). They represent non-recoverable or fatal errors such as stack overflow, out of memory, null reference, or database crashes. These exceptions are generally not handled by application code. Common examples − NullReferenceException, StackOverflowException, OutOfMemoryException, IndexOutOfRangeException. ...
Read MoreDifference between Hadoop 1 and Hadoop 2
Hadoop is an open-source framework from the Apache Software Foundation, built on Java, designed for storing and processing Big Data across distributed clusters. Apache released Hadoop 2 as a major upgrade over Hadoop 1, introducing YARN for resource management and support for multiple processing models beyond MapReduce. Hadoop 1 Hadoop 1 uses a tightly coupled architecture where MapReduce handles both data processing and cluster resource management. It uses a single NameNode (single point of failure) and relies on fixed map/reduce task slots for resource allocation. Hadoop 1 only supports MapReduce as its processing model. Hadoop 2 ...
Read MoreDifference between Cyber Security and Information Security
Cyber Security and Information Security are often used interchangeably, but they differ in scope. Cyber security deals with protecting networks, computers, and data from unauthorized electronic/digital access. Information security deals with protecting information assets regardless of whether the information is in physical or digital format. It is important to note the difference between data and information. Not all data is information − data becomes information when it is interpreted in context and given meaning. For example, "14041989" is just data, but when we know it is a person's date of birth, it becomes information. Hence, all information is data, ...
Read MoreDifference between Cost Variance and Schedule Variance
In project management, budget management and time management are two of the most critical factors. Cost Variance (CV) and Schedule Variance (SV) are Earned Value Management (EVM) metrics that measure the difference between what was planned and what actually happened in terms of cost and time respectively. Cost Variance (CV) Cost Variance represents the difference between the earned value of work completed and the actual cost spent. It tells you whether the project is under or over budget. CV = Earned Value (EV) − Actual Cost (AC) Schedule Variance (SV) Schedule Variance represents ...
Read MoreDifference between Cost Performance Index (CPI) and Schedule Performance Index (SPI)
In project management, evaluating performance is critical during both development and post-development phases. Two key metrics from Earned Value Management (EVM) are the Cost Performance Index (CPI) and Schedule Performance Index (SPI). CPI measures cost efficiency, while SPI measures schedule efficiency. Cost Performance Index (CPI) CPI represents the amount of work being completed for every unit of cost spent. It measures how efficiently the project budget is being utilized. CPI = Earned Value (EV) / Actual Cost (AC) Schedule Performance Index (SPI) SPI represents how close the actual work completed is compared to ...
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