The major operations on sequential files are as follows −Creating a file − The primary creation of a file is also defined as the loading of the file. In some implementations, space is first designated to the file, thus the data are loaded into that Skelton.Opening a file − Before ... Read More

The major attributes for specifying data structures include the following −Number of components − A data structure can be of fixed size if the number of components is even during its lifetime or of the variable size if the number of components transforms dynamically. Variable size data structure types generally ... Read More

The set of operations defined for a data type decided how data objects of that type can be manipulated. The operations can be primitive operations, which defines they are stated as an element of the language definition or they can be programmer-defined operations, as an element of class definitions.An operation ... Read More

Type checking is the activity of providing that the operands of an operator are of compatible types. A compatible type is one that is legal for the operator or is enabled under language rules to be implicitly modified by compiler-generated code to a legal type. This automatic conversion is known ... Read More

A programming language is an artificial language that can control the behaviour of a machine, specifically in computers. Programming language like natural languages is defined by syntactic and semantic rules which define their structure and meaning respectively. The hierarchical structure of programming languages is as follows −Programs − Computer programs ... Read More

The Chomsky hierarchy is a collection of various formal grammars. With the use of this formal grammar, it can generate some formal languages. They can be defined by multiple types of devices that can identify these languages such as finite state automata, pushdown automata, linear bounded automata, and Turing machines, ... Read More

The binding of a program element to a specific characteristic or property is the choice of the property from a set of possible properties. The time during program organization or processing when this choice is made is defined as the binding time of that property for that element. There are ... Read More

Programming environments have affected language design generally in two major areas such as features promoting separate compilation and assembly of a program from components, and features aiding program testing and debugging.Separate compilation − In the structure of any huge program it is regularly desirable to have multiple programmers or programming ... Read More

The type conversion is an operation that takes a data object of one type and creates the equivalent data objects of multiple types. The signature of a type conversion operation is given as                   conversion_op :type1→type2There are two types of type conversions which ... Read More

Type checking is the activity of providing that the operands of an operator are of compatible types. A compatible type is one that is legal for the operator or is enabled under language rules to be implicitly modified by compiler-generated code to a legal type. This automatic conversion is known ... Read More