Pipes were meant for communication between related processes. We Cannot use pipes for unrelated process communication. Then to achieve unrelated processes communication, the simple answer is Named Pipes. Even though this works for related processes, it gives no meaning to use the named pipes for related process communication.Unlike pipe, we ... Read More

All computers do not store the bytes that comprise a multi-byte value in the same order. Consider a 16-bit internet that is made up of 2 bytes. Two ways to store this value −Little Endian − In this scheme, low-order byte is stored on the starting address (A) and high-order ... Read More

Linux can manage the processes in the system, each process is represented by a task_struct C data structure. It is found in the include file in the kernel source-code directory. The task vector is an array of pointers to every task_struct data structure in the system. As well as ... Read More

A program loaded into memory and executing is called a process. In simple, a process is a program in execution.When a program is created then it is just some pieces of Bytes which is stored in Hard Disk as a passive entity. Then the program starts loading in memory and ... Read More

Deadlock can be occurred in a multithreaded Pthread program using mutex locks. Let’s see how it can be occurred. An unlocked mutex is initialized by the pthread_mutex_init() function.Using pthread_mutex_lock() and pthread_mutex_unlock() Mutex locks are acquired and released. If a thread try to acquire a locked mutex, the call to pthread_mutex_lock() ... Read More

Transactional memory originated in database theory, provides an alternative strategy for process synchronization.A memory transaction is atomic is a sequence of memory read–write operations. The memory transaction is committed, if all operations in a transaction are completed. Otherwise, the operations must be aborted and rolled back. The ease of transactional ... Read More

Solaris implements variety of locks to support multitasking, multithreading and multiprocessing. It uses adaptive mutexes, conditional variables, semaphores, read-write locks, turnstiles to control access to critical sections.An adaptive mutex uses for protecting every critical data item which are only accessed by short code segments.On A multiprocessor system it starts as ... Read More

Windows operating system is a multithreaded kernel that provide support for real time application and multiprocessors. On uniprocessor system, Windows provides interrupt masks to protect access to global resources. It protects access to global resource using spinlock. The kernel uses spinlocks only to protect short code segment like Solaris. The ... Read More

To implement monitor using semaphores, for each monitor, a semaphore mutex (which is initialized to 1) is provided. Wait(mutex) must be executed by a process before entering the monitor and must execute signal(mutex) after leaving the monitor. Since a signaling process must wait until the resumed process either leaves or ... Read More

Grand Central Dispatch (GCD) - a technology for Apple’s Mac OS X and iOS operating systems-is a combination of extensions to the C language, an API, and a run-time library that allows application developers to identify sections of code to run in parallel. Like OpenMP, GCD manages most of the ... Read More