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Articles by Arnab Chakraborty
Page 332 of 377
Find first non matching leaves in two binary trees in C++
Suppose we have two binary trees. We have to find first leaf of two trees, that does not match. If there are no non-matching leaves, then display nothing.If these are two trees, then the first non-matching leaves are 11 and 15.Here we will use the iterative preorder traversal of both of the trees simultaneously using stack. We will use different stack for different trees. We will push nodes into the stack till the top node is the leaf node. Compare two top, if they are same, then do further checking, otherwise show two stack top elements.Example Live Demo#include #include ...
Read MoreFind Equal (or Middle) Point in a sorted array with duplicates in C++
Suppose we have one sorted array with n elements. The array is sorted. We have to find whether an element exists in an array from where the number of smaller element is same as the number of larger elements. If the equal point appears multiple times in the array, return the index of first occurrence. If no such point is present, then return -1. Suppose the elements are like A = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3], then the equal point is at index 2, the element is A[2] = 2. As it has only one smaller element ...
Read MoreFind all possible outcomes of a given expression in C++
Suppose we have an arithmetic expression without parentheses. Our task is to find all possible outcomes of that expression. Suppose the expression is like 1+2*3-4, this can be interpreted like below −1+(2*(3-4)) = 1 + (2* -1) = -1(1+2)*(3-4) = 3 * -1 = -31+((2*3)-4) = 1 + (6 - 4) = 3((1+2)*3)-4 = (3 * 3) - 4 = 51+(2*3)-4 = 1 + 6 – 4 = 3To solve this problem, we have to follow these steps −Initially set res as emptyFor every operator x, do the following −Recursively evaluate all possible values on left of x, let the ...
Read MoreFind a range that covers all the elements of given N ranges in C++
Suppose we have a n ranges containing L and R. We have to check or find the index of 0 – based of the range which covers all the other given n – 1 ranges. If there is no such range, display -1. For example, if L = [2, 4, 3, 1], and R = [4, 6, 7, 9], then the output is 3. So it means the range at 3rd index (1 to 9) covers all the elements of other n – 1 ranges.Since all L and R points are distinct, find the range of smallest L and largest ...
Read MoreFind a range of composite numbers of given length in C++
Suppose we have a number n. We have to find the range of positive integers, where all the numbers in the range is composite, and the length of the range is n. If there are more than one range, then print any one range. The composite number is a number where it has at least one divisor other than 1 and itself.As the length of the range is n, then if the first number is a, then the other numbers are a + 1, a + 2, …, a + n – 1, all should be composite. If we see ...
Read MoreFind a permutation of 2N numbers such that the result of given expression is exactly 2K in C++
Suppose we have two integers N and K. We have to find first permutation of 2N number of natural numbers, such that the following equation is satisfied.$$\displaystyle\sum\limits_{i=1}^N\lvert A_{2i-1}-A_{2i}\rvert+\lvert \displaystyle\sum\limits_{i=1}^N A_{2i-1}-A_{2i} \rvert=2K$$The value of K should be less than or equal to N. For example, if N = 4 and K = 1, then output will be 2 1 3 4. The result of the given expression will be (|2 – 1| + |3 – 4|) – (|2 – 1 + 3 – 4|) = 2.The idea is simple, consider we have a sorted sequence like 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ...
Read MoreFind a local minima in an array in C++
Suppose we have an array A with n elements. We have to find the local minima of the array. In array A, the element A[x] is said to be local minima if it is less than or equal to both of its neighbors. For corner elements only one neighbor will be considered. And if there are more than one local minima available, then return only one. For example, if the array is like [9, 6, 3, 14, 5, 7, 4], then the local minima can be 3, 5 and 4, so this algorithm can return only one of them.To solve ...
Read MoreCode valid in both C and C++ but produce different output
Here we will see some program that will return different results if they are compiled in C or C++ compilers. We can find many such programs, but here we are discussing about some of them.In C and C++, the character literals are treated as different manner. In C, they are treated as int but in C++, they are treated as characters. So if we check the size using sizeof() operator, it will return 4 in C, and 1 in C++.Example Live Demo#include int main() { printf("The character: %c, size(%d)", 'a', sizeof('a')); }OutputThe character: a, size(4)Example#include int main() { printf("The ...
Read MoreChrono in C++
In this section we will see what is the Chrono library in C++. This Chrono library is used for date and time. Timers and clocks are different in different systems. So if we want to improve time over precision we can use this library.In this library, it provides precision-neutral concept, by separating the durations and point of time.The duration objects are used to express time span by means of a count like minute, two hours or ten minutes. For example, 30 seconds is represented by a duration consisting of 30 ticks of unit of 1 seconds.Example Live Demo#include #include ...
Read MoreHow to use getline() in C++ when there are blank lines in input?
In C++, we use the getline() function to read lines from stream. It takes input until the enter button is pressed, or user given delimiter is given. Here we will see how to take the new line character as input using the getline() function. Let us see the following implementation to get the idea.Example Live Demo#include using namespace std; int main() { string str; int term = 4; while (term--) { getline(cin, str); while (str.length()==0 ) getline(cin, str); cout
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