Let's look into a Perl function called split(), which has the following syntax −Syntaxsplit [ PATTERN [ , EXPR [ , LIMIT ] ] ]This function splits a string into an array of strings and returns it. If LIMIT is specified, splits into at most that number of fields. If PATTERN is omitted, splits on whitespace. Following is the example −Example Live Demo#!/usr/bin/perl # define Strings $var_string = "Rain-Drops-On-Roses-And-Whiskers-On-Kittens"; $var_names = "Larry, David, Roger, Ken, Michael, Tom"; # transform above strings into arrays. @string = split('-', $var_string); @names = split(', ', $var_names); print "$string[3]";    # This will print ... Read More

Now we are going to introduce one more function called splice(), which has the following syntax −Syntaxsplice @ARRAY, OFFSET [ , LENGTH [ , LIST ] ]This function will remove the elements of @ARRAY designated by OFFSET and LENGTH, and replaces them with LIST if specified. Finally, it returns the elements removed from the array. Following is the example −Example Live Demo#!/usr/bin/perl @nums = (1..20); print "Before - @nums"; splice(@nums, 5, 5, 21..25); print "After - @nums";OutputThis will produce the following result −Before - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 ... Read More

PythonPython is a high level programming language with inbuilt big library and is used to develop standalone programs. It was developed by Guido Van Rossum and its first version was released in the year 1990.PHPPHP stands for Hypertext Preprocessor, it is server side scripting language. It was developed in 1995. It is used to create dynamic web based pages.Following are the important differences between Python and PHP.Sr. No.KeyPythonPHP1Learning CurvePython requires good effort if one learns from scratch. It is similar to C++ and Java.PHP is easy to learn if user knows html and javascript.2FrameworksPopular Python frameworks are Flask, DJango.Popular PHP ... Read More

GoGo is a procedural programming language. Programs are assembled using packages. It supports environment adopting patterns similar to dynamic languages.C++C++ is an object oriented programming language. C++ is quiet fast, reliable and secure. It is most widely used language as well.Following are the important differences between Go and C++.Sr. No.KeyGoC++1TypeGo is a procedural programming language and supports patterns similar to dynamic languages.C++ is an object oriented programming language.2Supports for ClassGo has no support for class with constructors.C++ has support for class with constructors.3Garbage CollectionGo has automatic garbage collection.C++ has not provided automatic garbage collection.4InheritanceGo has no support for inheritance.C++ supports ... Read More

GoroutineGoroutine is method/function which can be executed independently along with other goroutines. Every concurrent activity in Go language is generally terms as gorountine.ThreadThread is a lightweight process. It can be treated as a unit to execute a piece of code. Operating system manages the thread.Following are the important differences between Goroutine and Thread.Sr. No.KeyGoroutineThread1Managed ByGoroutine methods are managed by golang runtime.Thread are managed by operating systems.2Hardware dependencyGoroutine are independent to hardware.Thread are dependent on hardware.3Communication MediumGoroutines uses channels as communication medium.Thread have no easy communication medium.4LatencyGoroutines can commuicate with other routines with low latency.Thread as have no communication medium, communicate ... Read More

You can also extract a "slice" from an array - that is, you can select more than one item from an array in order to produce another array.Example Live Demo#!/usr/bin/perl @days = qw/Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun/; @weekdays = @days[3, 4, 5]; print "@weekdays";OutputThis will produce the following result −Thu Fri SatThe specification for a slice must have a list of valid indices, either positive or negative, each separated by a comma. For speed, you can also use the .. range operator −Example Live Demo#!/usr/bin/perl @days = qw/Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun/; @weekdays = @days[3..5]; print "@weekdays";OutputThis will ... Read More

Perl provides a number of useful functions to add and remove elements in an array. You may have a question what is a function? So far you have used the print function to print various values. Similarly, there are various other functions or sometimes called subroutines, which can be used for various other functionalities.Sr.No.Types & Description1push @ARRAY, LISTPushes the values of the list onto the end of the array.2pop @ARRAYPops off and returns the last value of the array.3shift @ARRAYShifts the first value of the array off and returns it, shortening the array by 1 and moving everything down.4unshift @ARRAY, ... Read More

The size of an array in Perl can be determined using the scalar context on the array - the returned value will be the number of elements in the array −@array = (1, 2, 3); print "Size: ", scalar @array, "";The value returned will always be the physical size of the array, not the number of valid elements. You can demonstrate this, and the difference between scalar @array and $#array, using this fragment is as follows −Example Live Demo#!/usr/bin/perl @array = (1, 2, 3); $array[50] = 4; $size = @array; $max_index = $#array; print "Size: $size"; print "Max Index: $max_index";OutputThis ... Read More

Perl offers a shortcut for sequential numbers and letters. Rather than typing out each element when counting to 100 for example, we can do something like as follows −Example Live Demo#!/usr/bin/perl @var_10 = (1..10); @var_20 = (10..20); @var_abc = (a..z); print "@var_10"; # Prints number from 1 to 10 print "@var_20"; # Prints number from 10 to 20 print "@var_abc"; # Prints number from a to zHere double dot (..) is called range operator. This will produce the following result −1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z

When accessing individual elements from an array in Perl, you must prefix the variable with a dollar sign ($) and then append the element index within the square brackets after the name of the variable. For example −Example Live Demo#!/usr/bin/perl @days = qw/Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun/; print "$days[0]"; print "$days[1]"; print "$days[2]"; print "$days[6]"; print "$days[-1]"; print "$days[-7]";OutputThis will produce the following result −Mon Tue Wed Sun Sun MonArray indices start from zero, so to access the first element you need to give 0 as indices. You can also give a negative index, in which case you select ... Read More