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Server Side Programming Articles
Page 1220 of 2109
What are the different types of point available in geom_point of ggplot2 package in R?
We can create a point chart using ggplot2 package but that point not necessarily to be in circular shape, we have twenty-five shape options for those points in ggplot2. While creating a point chart using ggplot2, we can use shape argument inside geom_point to see the difference among these twenty-five shapes.ExampleConsider the below data frame:> set.seed(1957) > x y df dfOutput x y 1 0.7028704 1.6664500 2 0.9672393 1.0456639 3 1.3102736 0.2495795 4 0.3389941 0.2141513 5 0.5867095 0.4417377 6 0.4257543 0.6533757 7 0.9106756 0.3611954 8 1.0444729 1.3770588 9 ...
Read MoreCount Univalue Subtrees in C++
Suppose we have a binary tree; we have to count the number of uni-value subtrees. Here the Uni-value subtree indicates all nodes of the subtree have the same value.So, if the input is like root = [5, 1, 5, 5, 5, null, 5], then the output will be 4To solve this, we will follow these steps −Define a function solve(), this will take node, if node is empty, then −return trueleft := solve(left of node)right := solve(right of node)if left is false or right is false, then −return falseif left of node is present and val of node is not ...
Read MoreFlatten 2D Vector in C++
Suppose we have a 2D vector, we have to design and implement an iterator to flatten that 2d vector. There will be different methods as follows −next() − This will return the next element of the current elementhasNext() − This will check whether next element is present or notSo, if the input is like [[1, 2], [3], [4]] then if we call the functions as follows −iterator.next();iterator.next();iterator.next();iterator.hasNext();iterator.hasNext();iterator.next();iterator.hasNext();then the output will be [1, 2, 3, true, true, 4, false]To solve this, we will follow these steps −Define one 2D array vDefine initializer this will take one 2D array v, rowPointer := ...
Read MoreWhat is the difference between $ and @ in R?
If we have a data frame defined as df that contains column x, y, and z then extraction of these columns from df can be done by using df$x, df$y, and df$z. On the other hand, if we have an S4 object defined as Data_S4 that contains column x, y, and z then the extraction of these columns can be done by using Data_S4@x, Data_S4@y, and Data_S4@z.Example of a data frame:Example> x1 x2 df dfOutput x1 x2 1 4 2 2 7 0 3 10 2 4 3 1 5 7 1 6 2 2 7 3 4 8 4 ...
Read MoreFactor Combinations in C++
Suppose we have a number. The numbers can be regarded as a product of its factors. So, 8 = 2 x 2 x 2; = 2 x 4. We have to make one function that takes an integer n and return all possible combinations of its factors.So, if the input is like 12, then the output will be [[2, 6], [2, 2, 3], [3, 4]]To solve this, we will follow these steps −Define a function solve(), this will take n, target, start, define one list of lists called retif n is same as 1, then −return retif n is not ...
Read MoreHow to create a heatmap for lower triangular matrix in R?
A heatmap is a diagrammatic representation of data where the values are represented with colours. Mostly, it is used to display data that has slight variation. We can draw it for a full matrix, an upper triangular matrix as well as a lower triangular matrix. This can be done with the help of image function.Example1> M1 M1Output [, 1] [, 2] [, 3] [, 4] [, 5] [, 6] [1, ] 6 9 4 7 5 4 [2, ] 6 6 4 3 7 5 [3, ] 2 6 ...
Read MoreGraph Valid Tree in C++
Suppose we have n nodes they are labeled from 0 to n-1 and a list of undirected edges [u, v], We have to define a function to check whether these edges make up a valid tree or not.So, if the input is like n = 5, and edges = [[0, 1], [0, 2], [0, 3], [1, 4]], then the output will be trueTo solve this, we will follow these steps −Define a function dfs(), this will take node, par, graph, and another array called visited, if visited[node] is same as 1, then −return trueif visited[node] is same as 2, then ...
Read MoreWhat is the difference between na.omit and complete.cases in R?
The na.omit function removes all the missing values in a data frame and complete.cases also does the same thing if applied to the whole data frame. The main difference between the two is that complete.cases can be applied to some columns or rows. Check out the below example to understand the difference.ExampleConsider the below data frame:> set.seed(2584) > x y df dfOutput x y 1 NA 25 2 5 5 3 8 NA 4 6 5 5 4 NA 6 4 5 7 6 NA 8 4 NA 9 4 5 10 8 5 11 8 5 12 ...
Read MorePalindrome Permutation II in C++
Suppose we have a string s, we have to find all the palindromic permutations of it, there will be no repetition. If no palindromic permutation is there, then simply return empty string.So, if the input is like "aabb", then the output will be ["abba", "baab"]To solve this, we will follow these steps −Define an array retDefine a function solve(), this will take s, sz, one unordered map m, idx initialize it with 0, if sz is same as 0, then −insert s at the end of retreturnevenFound := falseDefine one set visitedfor each key-value pair it of m, do −if ...
Read MoreEncode and Decode Strings in C++
Suppose we have a list of strings. We have to design an algorithm that can encode the list of strings to a string. We also have to make one decoder that will decode back to the original list of strings. Suppose we have the encoder and decoder installed on these machines, and there are two different functions as follows −Machine 1 (sender) has the functionstring encode(vector
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