Python Articles - Page 870 of 929

A tuple is a collection of objects that is ordered and immutable. Tuples are sequences, just like lists. The differences between tuples and lists are that tuples cannot be changed, unlike lists, and tuples use parentheses, whereas lists use square brackets. Converting a Python tuple to a StringThere are three different ways we can convert a Python tuple to a string. Using a for loop. Using the Python join() method ... Read More

In Python, the dict.items() and dict.iteritems() methods are used to return a dictionary. The only difference is that the dict.items() returns the keys and value pairs in the form of a list of tuple pairs, whereas the dict.iteritems() returns an iterator over the dictionary’s (key, value) tuple pairs. The dict.items() and dict.iteritems() functions are present in Python 2.x versions. The dict.iteritems() function is omitted from the Python 3.x version. Example - 'dict.items()' in Python 2.x version Following is an execution of the dict.items() in Python 2.x version - my_dict={1:'one', 2:'two', 3:'three', 4:'four'} print(my_dict.items()) Output Following is the output ... Read More

In Python, using a for loop is common to iterate a single data structure like a list, but if we need to iterate two/multiple lists in parallel, we need to use the range() function. Iterating two Lists Using for Loop Assuming that both lists have the same length, here we are using the len() method to get the length of the list object. Example In the following example, we have iterated through the lists l1 and l2 of same size using for loop - l1 = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e'] l2 = [97, 98, 99, 100, 101] length = ... Read More

A List in Python is a mutable sequence of elements separated by commas ", ". It is represented by square braces "[ ]".An empty list contains no elements, meaning its length is 0. It is indicated by the square braces with no elements in it.In this article, we will explore various methods to check whether a given list in Python is empty.Checking for an Empty List using Not Operator In Python, the not operator is one of the logical operators. If the given condition is True, it will return False and vice versa. This operator evaluates the empty list as False. The 'not' ... Read More

Python is being updated regularly with new features and support. Starting from 1994 to the current release, there have been lots of updates in Python versions.Using Python standard libraries like sys or platform modules, we can get the version information of Python that is actually running on our script. In general, the Python version is displayed automatically on the console immediately after starting the interpreter from the command line. Python 3.10.7 (tags/v3.10.7:6cc6b13, Sep 5 2022, 14:08:36) [MSC v.1933 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license()" for more information. Using the version attribute The sys ... Read More

In Python, using loops, we can execute a statement or a group of statements multiple times. Usually, the loop works for all the conditions, but there are certain scenarios where the functionality of loops is affected. In this article, we will understand those scenarios with examples. When sleep() method is used inside Loop The sleep() method is defined in the time module and used to suspend or stop the execution of the program for a specified number of seconds. When the sleep() method is placed inside a loop, it suspends the execution of each iteration for the given time. After ... Read More

XML (Extensible Markup Language), which is a markup−language that is used to structure, store, and transfer data between systems. At some point we need to read/write the XML data using the Python language. By using the untangle library we can create Python objects based on an XML file. The untangle is a small Python library which converts an XML document to a Python object. The untangle has a very simple API. We just need to call the parse() function to get a Python object. Syntax untangle.parse(filename, **parser_features) Parameters Filename: it can be a XML string, a XML filename, ... Read More

The garbage collector doesn't track (and collect) all the objects; it can only track objects that are unreachable (have a reference count of zero), and the objects that are involved in circular references. What is a garbage collector? The garbage collector is an automatic (implicit) process that handles memory allocation and deallocation, ensuring efficient use of memory. We can interact with the garbage collector in Python explicitly and modify its behavior, using the gc module; it is a built-in module in Python for garbage collection.  By default, it is turned ON; you may turn it off if you are sure ... Read More

In python there is no built−in or normal function that acts as an object inspector. But we can use functions like type(), help(), dir(), vars() or modules like inspect are used to find the attributes, properties and methods of any object. Also we have other functions like id(), getattr(), hasattr(), globals(), locals(), callable() are useful in looking inside an object to know its attributes and methods. Here we will inspect the objects using some built−in functions. Before that we will create a simple python class and its objects, to refer throughout this article. Following is the syntax to defing ... Read More

To wrap existing C or C++ functionality in Python, there are number of options available, which are: Manual wrapping using PyMethodDef and Py_InitModule, SWIG, Pyrex, ctypes, SIP, Boost.Python, and pybind1. Using the SWIG Module Let’s take a C function and then tune it to python using SWIG. The SWIG stands for “Simple Wrapper Interface Generator”, and it is capable of wrapping C in a large variety of languages like python, PHP, TCL etc. Example Consider simple factorial function fact() in example.c file. /* File : example.c */ #include // calculate factorial int fact(int n) ... Read More