ProblemYou need to identify the most frequently occurring items in a sequence.SolutionWe can use counter to keep track of the items in a sequence.What is a Counter ?The “Counter” is a mapping that holds an integer count for each key. Updating an existing key adds to its count. This Objectis used for counting the instances of hashable objects or as a multiset.The “Counter” is one of your best friends when you are performing data analysis.This object has been present in Python for quite some time, and so for a lot of you, this will be a quick review.We will start ... Read More

Depending on the flexibility and complexity required, we can split a string on multiple delimiters in several ways such as using Python's re.split() method, which is a combination of various string methods. Some of the commonly used approaches to split strings on multiple delimiters. str.replace() and str.split() re.split() Method translate() ... Read More

You can access, manage and manipulate docker objects such as containers, images, clusters, swarms, etc. using a python library API. You can do pretty much anything that docker commands let you do. This comes very handy when you are using a python app such as django or flask and you want to maintain your docker container using the same python script that you use for the application.To use the python library API for docker, you need to install a package called docker−py. You can do so using the following pip command. If you have python 2 installed, replace pip3 with ... Read More

We can get html source of a webelement with Selenium webdriver.We can get the innerHTML attribute to get the source of the web element.The innerHTML is an attribute of a webelement which is equal to the text that is present between the starting and ending tag. The get_attribute method is used for this and innerHTML is passed as an argument to the method.Syntaxs = element.get_attribute('innerHTML')We can obtain the html source of the webelement with the help of Javascript Executor. We shall utilize the execute_script method and pass arguments index.innerHTML and webelement whose html source is to be retrieved to the ... Read More

We can find elements and its text with Selenium webdriver. First of all we have to identify the element with the help of any of the locators like id, classname, css and so on. Then to obtain the text we have to take the help of the text method.Syntaxs = driver.find_element_by_css_selector("h4").textHere driver is the webdriver object. The method find_element_by_css_selector is used to identify the element with css locator type and the locator value is passed as an argument to the method. Finally the text method is used to obtain the text content of the element.Let us look at the html of ... Read More

We can set default timeout with Selenium webdriver. The method set_page_load_timeout is used to have a timeout for the page loading. The wait time in seconds is passed as parameter to the method.Syntaxdriver.set_page_load_timeout(5)A TimeoutException is thrown if the page is still not loaded after the wait time is passed.We can use the implicit wait concept in synchronization to define the default timeout time. This is a global wait time and applied to every element in the page. The method implicitly_wait is used to define implicit wait. The wait time in seconds is passed as parameter to the method.Syntaxdriver.implicitly_wait(5);A TimeoutException is ... Read More

We can access HTML source code with Selenium webdriver. We can take the help of the page_source method and print the value obtained from it in the console.Syntaxsrc = driver.page_sourceWe can also access the HTML source code with the help of Javascript commands in Selenium. We shall take the help of execute_script method and pass the command return document.body.innerHTML as a parameter to the method.Syntaxh = driver.execute_script("return document.body.innerHTML;")ExampleCode Implementation.from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path="C:\chromedriver.exe") driver.implicitly_wait(0.5) driver.get("https://www.tutorialspoint.com/index.htm") # access HTML source code with page_source method s = driver.page_source print(s)Code Implementation with Javascript Executor.from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path="C:\chromedriver.exe") driver.implicitly_wait(0.5) ... Read More

We can wait until the page is loaded with Selenium webdriver. There is a synchronization concept in Selenium which describes implicit and explicit wait. To wait until the page is loaded we shall use the explicit wait concept.The explicit wait is designed such that it is dependent on the expected condition for a particular behavior of an element. For waiting until the page is loaded we shall use the expected condition presence_of_element_loaded for a particular element. Once the wait time is elapsed, the timeout error shall be thrown.To implement explicit wait conditions, we have to take help of the WebDriverWait ... Read More

We can run Javascript in Selenium webdriver with Python. The Document Object Model communicates with the elements on the page with the help of Javascript. Selenium executes the Javascript commands by taking the help of the execute_script method. The commands to be executed are passed as arguments to the method.Some operations like scrolling down in a page cannot be performed by Selenium methods directly. This is achieved with the help of Javascript Executor. The window.scrollTo method is used to perform scrolling operation. The pixels to be scrolled horizontally along x axis and pixels to be scrolled vertically along y axis ... Read More

Suppose we have a list of numbers called nums, we have to check whether every number can be grouped using one of the following rules: 1. Contiguous pairs (a, a) 2. Contiguous triplets (a, a, a) 3. Contiguous triplets (a, a + 1, a + 2)So, if the input is like nums = [7, 7, 3, 4, 5], then the output will be True, as We can group [7, 7] together and [3, 4, 5] together.To solve this, we will follow these steps −n := size of numsdp := a list of size n+1, first value is True, others are ... Read More