In Python, the underscore (_) is a special character with different meanings based on how and where it is used. It plays a significant role in readability, naming conventions, and interpreter behavior. In this article, we will discuss different scenarios of using the Underscore(_) in Python. Single Underscore _ in Python The single underscore (_) is used in Python for special purposes, which depend on the context. These are one of the most versatile and commonly seen symbols in clean and Pythonic code. Use Cases of _ (Single Underscore) The single underscore(_) can be used in different use cases. Let's ... Read More

In Python, it is often necessary to execute another file. This is common in cases such as running helper scripts, triggering workflows, or executing test cases. Python provides several ways to execute one file using another. Depending on the requirement, whether we want to reuse functions, execute a file directly, or run it as a subprocess. Let us look at these solutions one by one - Understanding Python Script Execution Before proceeding with how to run one Python file from another, it's important to understand how Python scripts are executed. When we run a Python file using python myscript.py ... Read More

In Python, while working with files, we may need to duplicate binary files. In this article, we will go through various ways to explore efficient methods of copying binary files in Python. First, we need to understand about Binary format and Binary File Copying, before proceeding with various ways to copy a binary file. What is Binary Format? Binary format is a method of storing data in the form of binary digits, such as 0s and 1s. Unlike text format, which represents data using readable characters like letters and numbers, binary format stores data as raw byte sequences. Binary file ... Read More

Searching for specific files in a directory is a difficult task, and this can be accomplished by using different tools in Python. In this article, we will see how to find all the files in a directory with an extension .txt using Python. Here are the different approaches, let's see one by one in detail - Using os.listdir() The os.listdir() is a function from Python's built-in os module which returns a list of names, i.e., as strings, of the entries in the directory given by the path. Example In this example, we will use the function in Python's os.listdir() to ... Read More

Among several file-handling operations in Python, the need to list all files in a directory is the most common one, and it's quite straightforward. Python offers a module named os that provides functions to work with the operating system, the directories, and the files seamlessly. In this article, we will cover ways of listing all files in a directory. The following are the different methods used to list all files in a dictionary using Python - os.listdir(): list all files in a directory os.walk(): Recursively lists all files in subdirectories ... Read More

The common header format of Python files is a simple and essential element in any Python script. The Header Format is just an introduction that provides context. In Python, we commonly use a docstring as the header format. A docstring is a special kind of comment enclosed within triple quotes, i.e., either single or double. It's placed right at the beginning of the script, even before any import statements, making it easily visible and accessible to anyone who reads the code. The standard structure of a Python file header is adorned with a docstring. Following is an example of ... Read More

What are Python File Extensions? Python file extensions are the suffixes that are added to the end of file names, which indicate the type of content inside the file and how it relates to the Python programming environment. These extensions help the interpreter, operating system, and developers understand how to process or execute the file. The .py, .pyc, .pyo, and .pyd files are the most commonly used Python file extensions and have their significance when it comes to executing python programs. Here are the Python file extensions and their descriptions - .py: The input source code that you've written. ... Read More

We usually write programs in Python and save the file with .py extension. However, there is another file type called .pyc,  which is automatically generated by the Python interpreter while executing the source code. What is a .pyc File? When you execute a Python program, the Python interpreter doesn't directly execute the .py file; instead, it parses the source code, compiles it into bytecode(a low-level representation of the Python source code), and stores it as the .pyc file. Further, this bytecode is executed with the Python Virtual Machine (PVM). A .pyc file is usually created when a Python program is ... Read More

Main method is the entry point of the execution in Java. When we execute a class JVM searches for the main method and execute the contents of it line by line. If you observe the following example you can compile a this program but if you try to execute it you will get an error saying “Main method not found”. Example abstract class SuperTest { public abstract void sample(); public abstract void demo(); } public class Example extends SuperTest{ public void sample(){ System.out.println("sample method ... Read More

You can return only one value in Java. If needed you can return multiple values using array or an object. Example In the example given below the calculate() method accepts two integer variables performs the addition subtraction, multiplication and, division operations on them stores the results in an array and returns the array. public class ReturningMultipleValues { static int[] calculate(int a, int b){ int[] result = new int[4]; result[0] = a + b; result[1] = a - b; ... Read More