Programming Articles - Page 3255 of 3366

In this tutorial, we will discuss how we can check for a number whether it is a decimal number or a whole number using the JavaScript. In JavaScript, we can use in−built methods as well as the user defined methods to check for a number if it has a decimal place or it is a whole number. We will discuss about all those methods in details. Let us see what are those methods that we can use to accomplish this task. Following methods are very useful to check for a number if it is decimal or whole number − ... Read More

In Python, the __repr__() method is a built-in function used to compute the official string representation of an object. It is used in debugging and logging purposes as it provides a detailed and clear representation of an object. This method is also known as dunder method as it begins with a double underscore in the beginning and at the end. In a class, if __str__() method and the __repr__() method is defined ,then the __str__() method is executed. Example Here, we have created a class named Methods and defined the __repr__() method. When we execute the code, the output ... Read More

Python programmers often need to delete directories for tasks like cleaning up temporary files. Deleting directories isn't as simple as deleting files and requires careful handling. This article explores effective methods for deleting Python directories. We'll provide step-by-step explanations and code examples, covering error handling, read-only files, and recursive removal of subdirectories. Using shutil.rmtree() for Recursive Deletion The shutil module provides the rmtree() function, which recursively deletes a directory and all its contents. This is the simplest method for deleting a directory and all its contents. Example The following code defines a function called delete_directory_with_shutil. This function takes the path ... Read More

In Python, the__init__() method is a special method within a class that gets automatically called when an object is created. It is used to initialize the attributes of the object. It is also known as a constructor. The self is always the first argument to the __init__() method that refers to the instance of the class being created, allowing access to its attributes and methods. Lets try to understand the __init__() method with an example - class Employee: def __init__(self): self.name=input("Enter employee name:") self.id=int(input("Enter id:")) ... Read More

In this article we are going to discuss how to create subclass from a super class in Python. Before proceeding further let us understand what is a class and a super class. A class is a user-defined template or prototype from which objects are made. Classes offer a way to bundle together functionality and data. The ability to create new instances of an object type is made possible by the production of a new class. Each instance of a class may have attributes connected to it to preserve its state. Class instances may also contain methods for changing their state ... Read More

Object-oriented programming creates reusable patterns of code to prevent code redundancy in projects. One way that recyclable code is created is through inheritance, when one subclass leverages code from another base class.Inheritance is when a class uses code written within another class.Classes called child classes or subclasses inherit methods and variables from parent classes or base classes.Because the Child subclass is inheriting from the Parent base class, the Child class can reuse the code of Parent, allowing the programmer to use fewer lines of code and decrease redundancy.Derived classes are declared much like their parent class; however, a list of ... Read More

The code below shows the if the attribute 'foo' was defined or derived in the classes A and B.Exampleclass A:     foo = 1 class B(A):     pass print A.__dict__ #We see that the attribute foo is there in __dict__ of class A. So foo is defined in class A. print hasattr(A, 'foo') #We see that class A has the attribute but it is defined. print B.__dict__ #We see that the attribute foo is not there in __dict__ of class B. So foo is not defined in class B print hasattr(B, 'foo') #We see that class B has ... Read More

We have the classes A and B defined as follows −class A(object): pass class B(A): passExampleA can be proved to be a super class of B in two ways as followsclass A(object):pass class B(A):pass print issubclass(B, A) # Here we use the issubclass() method to check if B is subclass of A print B.__bases__ # Here we check the base classes or super classes of BOutputThis gives the outputTrue (,)

We have the classes A and B defined as follows −class A(object): pass class B(A): passB can be proved to be a sub class of A in two ways as followsclass A(object):pass class B(A):pass print issubclass(B, A) # Here we use the issubclass() method to check if B is subclass of A print B.__bases__ # Here we check the base classes or super classes of BThis gives the outputTrue (,)

We can derive a class from multiple parent classes as follows −class A:        # define your class A ..... class B:         # define your class B ..... class C(A, B):   # subclass of A and B .....We can use isinstance() function to check the relationships of two classes and instances.Theisinstance(obj, Class) boolean function returns true if obj is an instance of class Class or is an instance of a subclass of Class